Orlovsky trotter

Mbiri ya mtunduwo

Orlovsky trotter, kapena Orlov trotter, ndi mtundu wa mahatchi opepuka omwe ali ndi mphamvu yokhazikika yotengera frisky trot, yomwe ilibe zofanana padziko lapansi.

Idabadwira ku Russia, pafamu ya Khrenovsky stud (chigawo cha Voronezh), motsogozedwa ndi eni ake Count AG Orlov mu theka lachiwiri la XNUMX - koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX ndi njira yowoloka yovuta kugwiritsa ntchito Chiarabu, Danish, Dutch, Mecklenburg. , Friesian ndi mitundu ina.

The Orlovsky trotter inachokera ku dzina la Mlengi wake, Count Alexei Orlov-Chesmensky (1737-1808). Pokhala katswiri wa akavalo, Count Orlov adagula mahatchi ofunika amitundu yosiyanasiyana mu maulendo ake ku Ulaya ndi Asia. Iye ankayamikira makamaka mahatchi a mtundu wa Arabia, amene kwa zaka mazana ambiri ankadutsa mahatchi ambiri a ku Ulaya pofuna kupititsa patsogolo makhalidwe akunja ndi amkati a mahatchiwa.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha Oryol trotter inayamba mu 1776, pamene Count Orlov anabweretsa ku Russia stallion yamtengo wapatali komanso yokongola kwambiri ya Arabia Smetanka. Anagulidwa ndi ndalama zambiri - siliva 60 kuchokera kwa Sultan waku Turkey atapambana pankhondo ndi Turkey, ndipo pansi pa chitetezo chankhondo adatumizidwa ndi dziko ku Russia.

Smetanka anali wamkulu modabwitsa kwa mtundu wake komanso stallion wokongola kwambiri, adatcha dzina lake la suti yotuwa, pafupifupi yoyera, ngati kirimu wowawasa.

Monga momwe anakonzera Count Orlov, mtundu watsopano wa akavalo uyenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe awa: kukhala aakulu, okongola, omangidwa bwino, omasuka pansi pa chishalo, muzitsulo ndi khasu, zabwino mofanana pa parade ndi nkhondo. Anafunika kukhala olimba m’nyengo yoipa ya ku Russia ndiponso kupirira mtunda wautali ndi misewu yoipa. Koma chofunika kwambiri pa mahatchiwa chinali chiwombankhanga, chomveka bwino, popeza kavalo wothamanga samatopa kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo amagwedeza pang'ono galimotoyo. M'masiku amenewo, panali mahatchi ochepa kwambiri othamanga pa trot ndipo anali ofunika kwambiri. Mitundu yosiyana yomwe imayenda mokhazikika, yopepuka kulibe konse.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Orlov mu 1808, chomera cha Khrenovsky chinasamutsidwa ku kasamalidwe ka serf Count VI Shishkin. Pokhala woweta mahatchi waluso kuyambira kubadwa ndikuwona njira zophunzitsira za Orlov, Shishkin adapitilizabe ntchito yomwe mbuye wake adayambitsa kupanga mtundu watsopano, womwe tsopano unkafunika kuphatikizira mikhalidwe yofunikira - kukongola kwa mawonekedwe, kupepuka ndi chisomo chamayendedwe ndi frisky, mayendedwe okhazikika.

Mahatchi onse, pansi pa Orlov ndi pansi pa Shishkin, adayesedwa kuti azitha kupirira, pamene akavalo azaka zitatu adayendetsedwa pa trot 18 versts (pafupifupi 19 km) panjira ya Ostrov - Moscow. M'chilimwe, mahatchi a ku Russia okhala ndi arc ankathamanga mu droshky, m'nyengo yozizira - mu sleigh.

Count Orlov adayambitsa Mipikisano yotchuka ya Moscow, yomwe idakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri kwa Muscovites. M'chilimwe, mipikisano ya Moscow inkachitikira pamunda wa Donskoy, m'nyengo yozizira - pa ayezi wa Mtsinje wa Moscow. Mahatchi amayenera kuthamanga momveka bwino, kusintha kwa gallop (kulephera) kunanyozedwa ndi kunyozedwa ndi anthu.

Chifukwa cha Oryol trotters, trotting trotting anabadwira ku Russia, kenako ku Ulaya, kumene adatumizidwa kunja kuchokera ku 1850s - 1860s. Mpaka zaka za m'ma 1870, Oryol trotters anali opambana kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yopepuka, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukonza mahatchi ku Russia ndipo idatumizidwa ku Western Europe ndi USA.

Mtunduwu unaphatikiza mikhalidwe ya kavalo wamkulu, wokongola, wolimba, wopepuka, wokhoza kunyamula ngolo yolemera pamtunda wokhazikika, wopirira kutentha ndi kuzizira mosavuta pa ntchito. Pakati pa anthu, Oryol trotter anapatsidwa makhalidwe "pansi pa madzi ndi bwanamkubwa" ndi "kulima ndi kunyada." Oryol trotters akhala okondedwa pamipikisano yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi World Horse Shows.

Maonekedwe a kunja kwa mtunduwo

Oryol trotters ndi ena mwa akavalo akuluakulu. Kutalika kumafota 157-170 masentimita, kulemera kwapakati 500-550 kg.

The Oryol trotter yamakono ndi kavalo womangidwa bwino, wokhala ndi mutu wawung'ono, wowuma, khosi lapamwamba lokhala ndi phokoso lofanana ndi swan, kumbuyo kwamphamvu, minofu ndi miyendo yolimba.

Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ndi imvi, imvi yowala, imvi yofiyira, imvi yopindika, ndi imvi. Nthawi zambiri palinso bay, zakuda, zochepa pafupipafupi - zofiira ndi zofiirira. Brown (wofiira ndi mchira wakuda kapena wakuda wakuda ndi mane) ndi nightingale (wachikasu ndi mchira wopepuka ndi mane) Oryol trotters ndi osowa kwambiri, koma amapezekanso.

Mapulogalamu ndi zopambana

Orlovsky trotter ndi mtundu wapadera womwe ulibe zofanana padziko lapansi. Kuwonjezera pa mpikisano wothamanga, trotter yaikulu komanso yokongola ya Oryol ingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya masewera okwera pamahatchi - kuvala, kusonyeza kudumpha, kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kukwera basi. Chitsanzo chabwino cha izi ndi kuwala imvi stallion Balagur, amene, pamodzi ndi wokwera wake Alexandra Korelova, mobwerezabwereza anapambana mipikisano ya boma ndi malonda dressage mu Russia ndi kunja.

Korelova ndi Balagur, omwe akukhala m'gulu la makumi asanu apamwamba a International Equestrian Federation, anali nambala wani ku Russia kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo adatenga bwino kwambiri pakati pa okwera onse aku Russia, a 25, pamasewera a Olimpiki a Athens a 2004.