Mitundu ya Shire

Mbiri ya mtunduwo

Hatchi ya Shire, yomwe inaberekedwa ku England, inayamba nthawi yomwe Aroma anagonjetsa Foggy Albion ndi Aroma ndipo ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri yobereketsa yomwe imawetedwa mwachiyero. Choonadi chokhudza chiyambi cha mtundu wa Shire chinatayika kalekale, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mitundu yambiri.

Komabe, zimadziwika kuti m'zaka za zana la XNUMX AD, ogonjetsa achiroma adadabwa kuwona akavalo akulu modabwitsa panthawiyo pazilumba za Britain. Magareta ankhondo olemera anathamanga mothamanga kwambiri pa magulu ankhondo Achiroma - kuyendetsa koteroko kumatheka kokha ndi akavalo akuluakulu ndi olimba.

Ubale wapafupi ndi wodalirika ukhoza kutsatiridwa pakati pa Shires ndi otchedwa "kavalo wamkulu" wa Middle Ages (Hatchi Yaikulu), yomwe inabwera ku England pamodzi ndi asilikali a William Mgonjetsi (zaka za XI). "Big Horse" amatha kunyamula zida zankhondo, zomwe kulemera kwake, pamodzi ndi chishalo ndi zida zonse, kupitirira makilogalamu 200. Hatchi yotereyi inali ngati thanki yamoyo.

Tsogolo la Shires limagwirizana kwambiri ndi mbiri ya England. Boma la dzikolo nthawi zonse linkafuna kuonjezera kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa akavalo. M'zaka XVI. ngakhale Machitidwe angapo anavomerezedwa kuletsa ntchito kuswana mahatchi m'munsimu 154 masentimita pa kufota, komanso kupewa katundu aliyense wa akavalo.

Makolo amtundu wamakono wa Shire amaonedwa kuti ndi galu wotchedwa Blind Horse wochokera ku Packington (Packington Blind Horse). Ndi iye amene amalembedwa ngati kavalo woyamba wa mtundu wa Shire mu Shire Stud Book yoyamba.

Mofanana ndi mitundu ina yolemetsa, pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana za mbiriyakale, Shires adasinthidwa ndi kutuluka kwa magazi kuchokera ku mitundu ina, mahatchi a kumpoto kwa Germany Flemish ochokera ku Belgium ndi Flanders anasiya chizindikiro chodziwika bwino mu mtunduwo. Woweta mahatchi Robert Bakewill adakhudza kwambiri Shire polowetsa magazi a akavalo abwino kwambiri achi Dutch - Friesians.

Shires adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuswana mtundu watsopano wa akavalo - magalimoto olemera a Vladimir.

Maonekedwe a kunja kwa mtunduwo

Mahatchi amtunduwu ndi aatali. Shire ndi yayikulu kwambiri: akalulu akulu amafika kutalika kwa 162 mpaka 176 cm pakufota. Mares ndi ma geldings ndi ochepa kwambiri. Komabe, ambiri mwa oyimira bwino kwambiri amtunduwu amafika pa 185 cm pakufota. Kulemera - 800-1225 kg. Ali ndi mutu waukulu wokhala ndi mphumi yotakata, yokulirapo, yotambasuka komanso yowoneka bwino, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino (achiroma), makutu apakatikati okhala ndi nsonga zakuthwa. Khosi lalifupi, lokhazikika bwino, mapewa olimba, kumbuyo kwakufupi, kolimba, khosi lalitali komanso lalitali, mchira wowoneka bwino, miyendo yamphamvu, pomwe pali kukula kwakukulu kuchokera kumagulu a carpal ndi hock - "friezes" , ziboda zake ndi zazikulu komanso zamphamvu.

Zovala nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyera, zakuda, zakuda (zakuda), karak (dark bay ndi tan) ndi imvi.

Wokwera pahatchi yodabwitsayi amamva bwino kwambiri, ngati pa sofa yofewa. Kuonjezera apo, magalimoto olemera kwambiri amakhala ndi maulendo ofewa kwambiri. Koma sikophweka kwambiri kukweza munthu wokongola wotere mu gallop, komanso kumuletsa iye.

Mahatchi a Shire amakhala odekha komanso okhazikika. Chifukwa cha ichi, Shire nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikizira ndi akavalo ena kuti apeze ana omvera.

Mapulogalamu ndi zopambana

Masiku ano, ma shire amatha kukumbukira "nkhondo zakale" zawo pamahatchi a bwalo lachifumu la Her Majness: oimba ng'oma amakwera pamahatchi akuluakulu otuwa, ndipo chochititsa chidwi, popeza manja a oimba ng'oma ali otanganidwa, amayendetsa miyendo yawo ndi mapazi awo - zingwe zimamangidwa. ku nsapato zawo.

M'zaka za zana la XNUMX, mahatchiwa adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito molimbika m'mafamu.

Kuzimiririka kwa zikondwerero ndi zida zankhondo zamphamvu, makolo a Shire adatengedwa kukagwira ntchito, kukoka ngolo m'misewu yoyipa, yopingasa ndi zolima m'minda ya alimi. Nkhani za m’nthawi imeneyo zimanena za akavalo omwe ankatha kunyamula katundu wolemera matani atatu ndi theka panjira yoipa, yomwe inali yothyoka.

Mashire anali ndipo akugwiritsidwabe ntchito ndi opangira mowa m'tauni m'magalimoto opangidwa ndi mowa mumipikisano yokoka komanso yolima.

Mu 1846, ku England kunabadwa mwana wamphongo wamkulu kwambiri. Polemekeza ngwazi ya m'Baibulo, adatchedwa Samsoni, koma pamene ng'ombeyo inakula ndikufika kutalika kwa masentimita 219 pa kufota, adatchedwanso Mammoth. Pansi pa dzina lotchulidwira limeneli, iye analowa m’mbiri ya kuŵeta akavalo monga kavalo wamtali kwambiri amene anakhalapo padziko lapansi.

Ndipo apa pali chitsanzo china. Masiku ano ku UK kuli hatchi ya Shire yotchedwa Cracker. Ndi yotsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi Mammoth kukula kwake. Pakufota, munthu wokongola uyu ndi 195 cm. Koma akakweza mutu wake, ndiye kuti nsonga za makutu ake zimakhala zazitali pafupifupi mamita awiri ndi theka. Amalemera matani oposa 1200 kg ndipo amadya moyenera - amafunikira 25 kg ya udzu patsiku, womwe ndi pafupifupi katatu kuposa momwe kavalo wamba wamba amadya.

Mphamvu zodabwitsa za Shire ndi kutalika kwake kwawalola kupanga mbiri zingapo padziko lapansi. Makamaka, akavalo a Shire ndi omwe amamenya nawo nkhondo. Mu April 1924, pa chionetsero cholemekezeka ku Wembley, 2 Shires anamangidwa pa dynamometer ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya matani pafupifupi 50. Mahatchi omwewo m'sitima (sitima ndi gulu la akavalo omangidwa awiriawiri kapena mzere umodzi), akuyenda pa granite ndipo, poterera, amasuntha katundu wolemera matani 18,5. Wojambula wa Shire wotchedwa Vulkan adachita zododometsa pawonetsero womwewo, kumulola kusuntha katundu wolemera matani 29,47.