Ma sturgeon 10 apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi

Banja la sturgeon limatengedwa kuti ndi nsomba zamtengo wapatali. Malinga ndi asayansi, m'badwo woyamba unawoneka zaka 80 miliyoni zapitazo - mu nthawi ya mbiri yakale. Pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa cha zochita za anthu, chiwerengero cha anthu chikucheperachepera, choncho nsomba zambiri za banja la "sturgeon" zimatetezedwa kwambiri.

Ma Sturgeons, omwe ali ndi mitundu yopitilira 20, amasankha amchere, madzi am'nyanja moyo wonse, koma amakonda kuswana m'madzi abwino. Amakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe - thupi la nsomba zonse za gulu la "sturgeon" ndi lalitali, ndipo kulemera kwake kwa anthu okhala m'nyanja yakuya kumafika 200 kg!

Tikukudziwitsani za ma sturgeon 10 akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

10 sterlet

Kulemera kwa wamkulu: 20 makilogalamu.

Kukhalapo kwa mphonje pa tinyanga ndi komwe kumasiyanitsa sterlet kuchokera kwa abale awo. Kuphatikiza apo, amafika msinkhu msanga kuposa ena. Amakonda madzi abwino moyo wonse, amakonda kudya leeches, mphutsi, komanso invertebrates, nthawi zambiri - nsomba mwachangu.

Monga lamulo, kukula kwa munthu wamkulu sikudutsa 25 kg. Amakhala ku Baltic, Black, Caspian ndi Azov nyanja.

The sterlet imasiyana mumtundu kutengera komwe amakhala, koma mtundu wake waukulu ukhoza kuzindikirika - ndi msana wotuwa komanso mimba yowala yachikasu. Sterlet ndi wamphuno-mbuntha komanso wamphuno yakuthwa. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a antennae aatali, kuwonjezera apo, nsomba ili ndi mphuno yosangalatsa yotalikirapo, monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi.

9. nkhanu yoyera

Kulemera kwa wamkulu: 20 makilogalamu.

White (Aka waku California) sturgeon ili ndi mawonekedwe owonda komanso otalika. Alibe mamba, monga nsomba zonse za "sturgeon". M'malo achisangalalo, anthu olemera mpaka 20 kg amatsogola, koma zitsanzo zazikulu zimapezekanso.

Nsomba zaku California zimakonda mitsinje yoyenda pang'onopang'ono. White sturgeon ndi nsomba yapansi, imadyetsa ndikukhala mozama kwambiri. Kusodza kosalamulirika kwachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha sturgeon m'mabeseni apakati chatsika ndi 70%. Maboma a US ndi Canada akutengapo kanthu kuti abwezeretse anthu a sturgeon.

8. Russian sturgeon

Kulemera kwa wamkulu: 25 makilogalamu.

Mwatsoka, Russian sturgeon pafupi kutha. Amakhala mitsinje ikuluikulu, mwachitsanzo, Kuban ndi Volga (spawns kumeneko), komanso m'nyanja: Caspian, Black ndi Azov.

Nyongolotsi ndi crustaceans ndi chakudya cha sturgeon waku Russia, ndipo samakana kudya nsomba. Mimba yake ndi yopepuka, ndipo mbali zake ndi zotuwa, kumbuyo kwa thupi lonse ndi gawo lakuda kwambiri.

M'malo achilengedwe, woimira "sturgeon" amatha kuswana ndi sterlet kapena stellate sturgeon. N'zosavuta kumvetsa kuti nsombazi ndi zamtundu wanji, tinyanga ta sturgeon sizimakula pafupi ndi pakamwa, koma pafupi ndi mphuno, kuwonjezera apo, zimachitika kuti kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika 120 kg.

Chosangalatsa: kamodzi anagwidwa sturgeon wamkulu mu Volga - anafika kutalika kwa 7 m 80 cm, ndipo kulemera pafupifupi 1440 makilogalamu!

7. Adriatic sturgeon

Kulemera kwa wamkulu: 25 makilogalamu.

Adriatic sturgeon ndi ya mtundu wosowa komanso wophunziridwa pang'ono. Pakadali pano, ndizosowa kwambiri m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Adriatic, mitunduyi mwina yatsala pang'ono kutha, chifukwa chake idalembedwa pa IUCN Red List.

Mabungwe a boma akuyesera kubwezeretsa chiwerengero cha anthu. Mbalame yotchedwa Adriatic sturgeon inayamba kufotokozedwa mu 1836 ndi katswiri wa zamoyo wa ku France Charles Lucien Bonaparte (1803-1857).

M'nyanjayi, imakhala mozama mpaka mamita 40, imatsatira zigawo za pre-estuary za mafunde. The analemba pazipita kutalika kwa sturgeon Adriatic anali 200 cm, ndi kulemera - 25 kg. Zakudya za nsomba zikuphatikizapo nsomba zazing'ono ndi zinyama.

6. sturgeon wobiriwira

Kulemera kwa wamkulu: 25 makilogalamu.

sturgeon wobiriwira (apo ayi Pacific) - mmodzi mwa oimira nsomba zazikulu za "sturgeon" ku North America. Pofika zaka 18, sturgeon imalemera kale 25 kg. Amadziwika ndi kukula kwachangu, komanso moyo wazaka 60.

Mtundu uwu sadziwika pang'ono, kuwonjezera, mpaka posachedwapa, asayansi ankawona kuti watha. Zinawonongekadi ndi chitukuko, koma, ndizoyenera kukondwera, sturgeon ali ndi moyo ndipo akupitiriza kumenyana!

Ku Russia, sturgeon wobiriwira amapezeka ku Sakhalin, komanso ku Primorye. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mumtsinje wa Datta. Mphuno yake ndi yoloza komanso yotalika. Kumbuyo nthawi zambiri kumakhala mtundu wa azitona, koma pali anthu ndi mtundu wakuda wobiriwira.

5. Siberia sturgeon

Kulemera kwa wamkulu: 34 makilogalamu.

Siberia sturgeon - nsomba yanthawi yayitali, pafupifupi imakhala zaka 50. Amakhala m'mitsinje yaing'ono ndi yayikulu yaku Siberia. Imakula pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono imalemera mpaka 25-35 kg.

Sturgeon ya ku Siberia, monga oimira ena a banja la sturgeon, ali ndi zizindikiro pa chibwano chake. M'kamwa mwa nsomba ndi retractable, palibe mano. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya banja ndi mutu wakuthwa ndi gill rakers, wofanana ndi fan mu mawonekedwe.

Amadya tizilombo, mphutsi, komanso samadana ndi kudya mollusks ndi nsomba. Amakhala ndi moyo wabwino. Ngati sturgeon ya ku Siberia idutsa ndi sterlet, ndiye kuti wosakanizidwa adzabadwa - moto wamoto.

4. Amur sturgeon

Kulemera kwa wamkulu: 37 makilogalamu.

Amur sturgeon (Aka shrenka) ndi wachibale wa sturgeon ya ku Siberia. Iye analibe mwayi mofanana ndi mitundu ina ya "sturgeon" - ali pafupi kutha ndipo, ndithudi, alembedwa mu Red Book.

Imasiyana ndi mitundu ina mu gill nembanemba, pakamwa kakang'ono, komanso ilibe mbale pakati pa nsikidzi. Amakhala ku Amur kokha m'derali kuyambira pakamwa mpaka ku Argun. Imayamba kubereka ali ndi zaka 14.

Shrenka amadya nkhanu, mayflies, mwachangu ndi mphutsi. Zimachitika kuti sturgeon imafika 80 kg. Pafupifupi theka la utali wa thupi limasungidwa pamphuno. Amur sturgeon amakonda madzi oyenda komanso othamanga.

3. Sturgeon ya stellate

Kulemera kwa wamkulu: 90 makilogalamu.

Sturgeon ya stellate - wachibale wapafupi wa munga komanso nsomba zosasangalatsa - sterlet. Ali ndi thupi lalitali. Zimasiyana ndi oimira ena a banja la "sturgeon" ndi mphuno yake - mutu wa sturgeon umaphwanyidwa mpaka nsonga. Mphuno ndi 70% ya kutalika kwa mutu. Kumbuyo kuli kofiirira, pafupifupi kwakuda, pamene mbali zake zimakhala zopepuka kwambiri.

Kulemera kwa anthu akuluakulu nthawi zina kumafika 90 kg (kulemera kwakukulu kwa Danube). Stellate sturgeon imapezeka kwambiri ku Black, Azov, ndi Caspian Sea. Amakhala pafupifupi zaka 30. Zakudya za stellate sturgeon zimaphatikizapo nyongolotsi, mwachangu komanso ma crustaceans osiyanasiyana.

2. Sturgeon waku China

Kulemera kwa wamkulu: 200 makilogalamu.

Malinga ndi asayansi, sturgeon yaku China ndi yamitundu "yakale kwambiri", ndipo idakhalapo padziko lapansi pafupifupi zaka 140 miliyoni zapitazo. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja za China ndipo amatetezedwa ndi boma chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha kutha (chifukwa chogwidwa ndi sturgeon ya ku China, chilango choopsa kwambiri chimaperekedwa - kumangidwa kwa zaka 20).

Akatha msinkhu, sturgeon amasamukira ku mitsinje. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mitsinje ya Zhujiang ndi Yangtze. Sturgeon waku China ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ikuluikulu ya nsomba zam'madzi - kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 200, 500 kg.

1. Atlantic sturgeon

Kulemera kwa wamkulu: 250 makilogalamu.

Ku Russia Atlantic sturgeon angapezeke m'madzi a dera Kaliningrad. M'mayiko ambiri, ali pansi okhwima boma chitetezo, chifukwa. woimira wamkulu wa banja la sturgeon ali pafupi kutha.

Atlantic sturgeon imatha kudziwika ndi maonekedwe ake - maso ake ali pamwamba pa mutu, ndi aakulu kukula kwake, ndipo mutu ndi wautali.

Thupi lake limafanana ndi shaki. Nsomba zimathera nthawi yambiri ya moyo wawo m’madzi a m’mphepete mwa nyanja. Kutalika kwa moyo wa sturgeon kumatha kufika zaka 100.