Mazira a kamba (mimba ndi kuyika): momwe mungamvetsetse kuti kamba ali ndi pakati, momwe mazira amayikidwira komanso zomwe zimatsimikizira kugonana kwa mwana wosabadwayo

Akamba ndi oviparous. M'chilengedwe, "nyengo yamilandu" imagwa kumapeto kwa masika, ndipo akagwidwa amatha kuswana chaka chonse, koma kawirikawiri amabala ana. Ngati mikhalidwe ili yoyenera, ndiye kuti palibe zopinga kukweretsa ndi kuyikira mazira. Pansi pa chilengedwe, yaikazi sasamala za m'badwo wamtsogolo: akamba amodzi okha ndi omwe amapulumuka. Mu ukapolo, njirayi imatha kutsatiridwa ndipo banja la kamba lathunthu likhoza kukulirakulira.

Njira yoberekera ndi mimba

M'chilengedwe, akamba amakhwima pofika zaka 8-10. Koma nthawiyi imadalira mitunduyo ndipo mu ukapolo imachepetsedwa ndi zaka 2-3: yaikazi imatha kubweretsa ana kale. 1 mwamuna ndi 2-3 akazi amaikidwa mu terrarium. Amapanga malo abwino posunga kutentha ndi chinyezi, ndikudikirira nthawi yokwerera. Insemination yokumba ya akamba ikuchitika, koma sizothandiza komanso okwera mtengo. Nthawi zambiri kulera kochita kupanga kumachitidwa pazitsanzo zosowa.

Kuti mumvetse kuti kamba ili ndi pakati, mungagwiritse ntchito palpation pakati pa miyendo ndi chipolopolo. Mu malo awa, inu mukhoza kumva pamaso pa mazira. Ngati mukukayikira, "mayi wamtsogolo" amajambulidwa ndi x-ray.

Mimba imatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, nthawi yomweyi imathera pakukula mazira mu chofungatira. Ngati mkazi sangathe kupeza malo abwino oberekera, ndiye kuti mimba ikhoza kuchedwa.

Kamba yemwe ali ndi pakati amafunika kupatulidwa ndi mwamuna, chifukwa atakwatirana amakhala mwaukali ndipo amatha kuvulaza bwenzi lake. Mutha kudziwanso kuti kamba ali ndi pakati ndi machitidwe ake:

• amachita mosakhazikika;
• amadya bwino kapena amakana chakudya;
• jambulani gawo.

Zindikirani: Ngati nyama sizikufulumira kukwatirana, ndiye kuti muyenera kupanga mpikisano pobzala amuna angapo mu terrarium imodzi. Amayamba kumenyana ndi mtima wa "dona wokongola", ndipo kamba imakhala ndi pakati osati kuchokera kwa amphamvu kwambiri, koma kuchokera kwa njonda iliyonse yomwe amakonda.

Kodi kukonza atagona malo?

Masabata a 2 isanayambike kubereka, kamba amayamba kusankha malo abwino omwe ali oyenera kusasitsa ana amtsogolo. Akamba amaikira mazira akatsimikiza kuti ali otetezeka. Kenako, ayenera kuwakwirira, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi amafunikira dothi lakuya komanso lotayirira.

Akamba akumtunda alibe vuto: amakumba dzenje ngati bwalo ndikuyamba kuyikira mazira. Kwa anthu okhala m'madzi, ndikofunikira kuyika chidebe chokhala ndi dothi lambiri (mchenga wokhala ndi vermiculite), womwe ndi ukulu wa 2 wa munthu, kuti apereke mwayi wopeza madzi.

Kanema: choti muchite pambuyo poti kamba wa makutu ofiira ayikira mazira

Njira yoberekera

M'chilengedwe, kamba kamwana kameneka kamayikidwa m'chilimwe ndipo chipolopolo chisanapangidwe, umuna uyenera kuchitika. "Mayi woyembekezera" amakonzekera malo omangapo kuyambira mphindi 30 mpaka maola 3, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa nthaka. Zimatembenuka nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa dzenje kukhala lozungulira. Amathira "chisa" chokonzekera ndi madzi apadera kuchokera ku matuza a cloacal.

Kubadwa kwa kamba kumayamba ndi mfundo yakuti imapachika miyendo yake yakumbuyo pamtunda wokonzekera mumchenga, ndipo patatha mphindi zingapo osasuntha, chokwawa chimayikira mazira. Pamene testicle yoyamba ikuwonekera kuchokera ku cloaca, nyamayo imakanikiza ndikupinda miyendo yake yakumbuyo kotero kuti imamira pansi momasuka. Kenako kamba amatembenuka pang'ono ndipo dzira lotsatira likuwonekera. Nthawi yapakati pa kuwonekera kwa ana amtsogolo ndi kuyambira mphindi zingapo mpaka theka la ola. Mazira a kamba amagawidwa mofanana m'mphepete mwa dzenje.

Akamba amabereka kwa maola angapo. Pambuyo pa kubereka, chokwawacho chimagona kwa nthawi ndithu, kenako chimakwirira miyalayo mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yakumbuyo. Kenako imagona pamwamba pamiyala, ndikuyimanga ndi plastron. Chiwembu ndi m'tsogolo ana zizindikiro ndi mkodzo ndi masamba. Sichizoloŵezi chosamalira mazira ndikudikirira kuwonjezera kwa banja la akamba.

Pa Intaneti pali zithunzi zosonyeza mmene akamba aamuna amaikira mazira. Koma uku ndikutsanzira: amuna m'thupi sasintha momwe dzira limatha kukhwima. Feteleza amapezeka mu cloaca ya mkazi, osati mosemphanitsa.

Izi nzosangalatsa: Akamba am’nyanja amaikira mazira kumalo kumene amachokera. Nthawi zina nzeru zachibadwa zimawayendetsa makilomita XNUMX ndipo amawapangitsa kubwerera chaka chilichonse. Ngati mkaziyo ali ndi malingaliro owopsa, ndiye kuti amadikirira m'madzi, ndiyeno amapita kumtunda womwewo. Mchitidwe wodziŵika bwino woterowo umakhala m’manja mwa opha nyama popanda chilolezo amene amatola zinthu zachilendo kuti agulitse.

Kukula ndi chiwerengero cha mazira

Kodi chokwawa chingabereke mazira angati? Kunyumba, amagona kuyambira 2 mpaka 6 machende, mwachilengedwe chiwerengero chawo chikhoza kukhala chochulukirapo. Kuchuluka kwa mazira omwe kamba angaikire kumadalira mtundu wake komanso momwe chilengedwe chikuyendera. Pali chitsanzo pamene kamba imodzi inatha kuikira mazira 200, koma izi ndizosiyana, osati lamulo.

Akamba akamakulirakulira, amakulitsanso zitsanzo zomwe zili mgululi. Zachidziwikire, samafikira kukula kwakukulu: kulemera kwawo ndi 5 mpaka 60 g. Mitundu yambiri ya akamba am'nyanja imakula pakatha zaka 30. Ndi nthawi ya zaka 2-5, amakwirira mazira 60-130 mumchenga. Zitsanzo za mitundu ina ya zomangamanga:

• kamba wa makutu ofiira amakhala ndi zitsanzo za 6-10 pafupifupi masentimita 4 m'mimba mwake;
• chimphona - 4-14 mazira mu clutch;
• Central Asia - zidutswa 2-6;
• njovu - mpaka 22 makope masekeli 60 g;
• stellate - mazira 3-6;
• dambo - mpaka 20 zidutswa;
• zobiriwira - mpaka 100 mazira mu chipolopolo.

Kuchuluka kwa ma clutch pachaka kumatengera kuchuluka kwa anthu. Ndi ochepa akazi kukhala ndi pakati kangapo pa nyengo. Ngati pali anthu ambiri, ndiye kuti kamba amatha kupuma pakati pa zaka zingapo. Pali chitsanzo: mitundu ya pamtunda imaikira mazira 10, koma kangapo pachaka. Anthu okhala m'nyanja zam'madzi amapeza ana akuluakulu - kuyambira 30 mpaka 100, koma kubereka kumachitika kawirikawiri. Koma izi ndizodziwikiratu: zonse zimatengera mtundu wake.

Dzira la kamba ndi lozungulira, lofanana ndi mipira ya ping-pong. Nthawi zina pamakhala zitsanzo zazitali pang'ono, zozungulira. Chigoba cholimba chimapakidwa utoto woyera, chikhoza kukhala ndi mithunzi ya kirimu. Mazira a akamba ena amawoneka osazolowereka: azunguliridwa ndi chipolopolo chofewa chachikopa. Ngati kamba anaika dzira popanda chipolopolo, ndiye kuti zakudya zowonjezera zinalibe zigawo za mchere kapena wokhala mu terrarium sanawakonde.

Dziwani izi: Kamba amatha kuikira mazira popanda yaimuna, kukhala yekha. Koma sizikhala ndi ubwamuna, zilibe kanthu ndipo kuyesa kulera akamba kulephera.

Kudikirira ana

Pambuyo pa "mayi-wa-kubadwa" atachoka pagulu lake, mazira amachotsedwa mosamala ndikusamutsidwa ku chofungatira. Ngati kamba wam'madzi ayika zowawa zake molunjika mu dziwe, ndiye kuti ayenera kuchotsedwa mwachangu. Pakatha maola angapo, mluzawo umakhala wopanda mpweya.

Kwa maola 5-6, mazirawo sangatembenuzidwe pansi ndipo ndi bwino kuwayika mu chofungatira pamalo omwewo. Kuti muchite izi, chizindikiro chimapangidwa pamwamba pa chipolopolo ndi pensulo yofewa yosonyeza malo ndi tsiku.

Ngati kamba anaika dzira popanda mwamuna, ndiye kuti palibe mluza mkati, zomwe zili mu zomangamanga zimangotayidwa. Pamene umuna wachitika mwachizolowezi ndipo mkati mwa "nyumba yaying'ono" pali kambuku kakang'ono, ndiye mu miyezi 2-3 mbadwo watsopano udzabadwa. Kwa masiku angapo, ngati n'koyenera, akhoza kugona m'bokosi m'chipinda zinthu popanda kuvulaza thanzi.

Zindikirani: Akamba alibe chibadwa cha amayi. Yaikazi imatha kudya dzira lake kapena kuvulaza kamwana kakang'ono, kotero mazira amachotsedwa pasadakhale, ndipo akamba obadwa kumene amasungidwa mosiyana ndi akuluakulu.

Machende amaikidwa mu trays wapadera kapena kusuntha ndi peat ndi utuchi, popanda kusintha malo awo. Chofungatira chikhoza kupangidwa paokha. Uku ndi kukhazikitsidwa komwe kumakhala ndi:

• kuchokera ku pulasitiki kapena bokosi lagalasi;
• cuvette yokhala ndi mazira oyikidwa ndi gawo lapansi;
• chotengera chokhala ndi madzi owonjezera chinyezi;
• chotenthetsera kuti asunge kutentha kosalekeza.

Mazira a kamba amakulungidwa pa kutentha kwa +29,5-+31,5C kwa masiku 60-100. Panthawi imeneyi, sikoyenera kuwagwira ndi manja anu kapena kuwatembenuza. Pa kutentha kochepa, mwana wosabadwayo amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo sangathe kubadwa; pa kutentha kwakukulu, zopunduka zosiyanasiyana zimachitika. Jenda wam'tsogolo kamba zimadalira kutentha ulamuliro.

Pamakulitsidwe, kukula kwa embryo kumayang'aniridwa mosamala:

• mawonekedwe a nkhungu pamwamba pa mazira, ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi burashi yofewa;
• kutembenuza kolondola, ngati kuli kofunikira, ndiye kutembenuzira kokha pamalo opingasa;
• makope akusowa, ayenera kuchotsedwa;
• maonekedwe a ntchentche kapena nyongolotsi - muzimutsuka chofungatira ndikuyala nthaka yatsopano;
• kusinthasintha kwa mpweya: kamodzi pa masiku awiri;
• anasonkhanitsa condensate: madontho a madzi ayenera kuchotsedwa.

Zofunika: Dzira la kamba silingapotozedwe moyima, chifukwa limakhala ndi mluza ndi yolk mkati mwake zomwe sizikhala pa chingwe. Ikagubuduza, yolk imatha kuphwanya kapena kuvulaza mwana wosabadwayo.

Kodi chimapangitsa kugonana kwa kamba ndi chiyani?

Panthawi yoyamwitsa, kutentha kwina kumasungidwa. Ngati ili pamtunda wa + 27С, ndiye kuti amuna adzaswa, pa + 31С - akazi okha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kugonana kwa kamba kumadalira kutentha. Ngati kuli kotentha mbali imodzi ya chofungatira, ndi madigiri angapo ozizira mbali ina, ndiye kuti ana adzakhala osiyana amuna ndi akazi.

Ngakhale kuti anaikira mazira ambiri, ndi ochepa okha amene amakhala ndi moyo. Njira yoberekera iyi si yabwino kwa oimira zinyama: kamba 1 mwa 100 obadwa amakula kukhala wamkulu. Ngakhale kuti amakhala ndi moyo wautali, chiwerengero cha akamba chikucheperachepera. Ndipo “chilombo” chofunika kwambiri chimene chimawononga nyama zapadera ndi ana awo amtsogolo ndi munthu.