Momwe mungadziwire kugonana kwa nkhuku: nkhuku ya tambala kapena nkhuku

Funso la momwe mungadziwire kugonana kwa nkhuku ndikufunsidwa ndi eni nyumba ambiri ndi alimi oyamba, kwa iwo ndi ofunika kwambiri. Yemwe nkhuku yamtsogolo idzakhala, nkhuku kapena tambala, ndikufuna kudziwa kuyambira pachiyambi. Kupatula apo, nkhuku zimayikira mazira ndikupatsa nyama yabwino ndi nthenga. Ngati ichi sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri, ndiye kuti cockerels amasankhidwa.

Njira zodziwika bwino - momwe mungadziwire kugonana kwa nkhuku

Kuthetsa nkhaniyi (momwe mungadziwire kugonana kwa nkhuku) pali njira zingapo. Ndipo pankhaniyi, nzeru za anthu siziri zotsika kwa sayansi ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi njira zonse za sayansi. Kotero tiyeni tiwone iwo mu dongosolo:

1. Njira imodzi yodziwira kuti anapiye ndi amuna kapena akazi ndi kuwagwira pogwiritsa ntchito khosi lake ndi kuona mmene anapiye amagwirira miyendo yake. Nkhuku yaikazi, ndiko kuti, nkhuku, imayesa kupindika zikhadabo zake ndi kukweza miyendo yake. Koma mwa munthu "mwamuna" miyendo idzalendewera mofanana.
2. Njira yachiwiri yodziwira kugonana kwa nkhuku ndiyo kuphunzira khalidwe lake pamene ikugwiridwa ndi miyendo yake. Malinga ndi njirayi, nkhuku zamtsogolo zimakweza mitu yawo m'mwamba, ndipo tambala wam'tsogolo adzalendewera mwakachetechete.
3. Pamaso pa chofungatira, mutha kuwona momwe anapiye oyamba amaswa nthawi zambiri amakhala nkhuku, ndipo omwe amawonekera pambuyo pake amakhala tambala.
4. Akamakula, akazi ndi amuna amachita zinthu mosiyana ndi mnzake. Ngati nkhuku zili pafupi masabata atatu kapena kuposerapo, ndiye kuti muzovuta kwa iwo, amachita mosiyana malinga ndi kugonana kwawo. Ngati muwawopseza, ndiye kuti ma cockerel amtsogolo adzayima pachitetezo ndi mitu yawo yokwera komanso yokwera. Komabe, nkhuku zimanamizira kuti sizikuyenda, kutsitsa mitu yawo ndi kukhala pansi.
5. Mukhozanso kudziwa kugonana kwa nkhuku ndi mtundu wa scallop. Mu nkhuku, ndi yaing'ono komanso yachikasu. Pomwe mwa amuna amawonekera kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu wofiira. Izi zimathandiza anapiye kusanjidwa molondola kwambiri.
6. Mwa mtundu wa fluff, mutha kudziwanso nkhuku zazimuna ndi zazikazi. Nkhuku zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mawanga odabwitsa pamutu kapena mikwingwirima, koma mu nkhuku za cockerel, zizindikirozi sizipezeka. Chizindikiro china ndi nthenga. N'zosavuta kudziwa kugonana kwa nkhuku kwa izo, cockerels fledge mochedwa kuposa nkhuku.

Njira zasayansi zodziwira kugonana kwa nkhuku

Kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro zakalezi, palinso njira zasayansi kudziwa kugonana kwa mwana wankhuku. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Njira yaku Japan
• njira ya cytogenetic
• chibadwa cha maselo.

Ventsecig kapena njira yaku Japan

Njira yodziwirayi idapangidwa mu theka loyamba la zaka za zana la makumi awiri ku Japan. Zimaphatikizapo kufufuza anapiye amasiku ano kuti awoneke ngati cloaca ndi kupeza chifuwa cha maliseche pakhoma lake lamkati, chifukwa amasiyana kwambiri kukula ndi mawonekedwe mu nkhuku ndi cockerels. Pakalipano, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poweta nkhuku padziko lonse lapansi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ziwerengero zimasonyeza kuti njirayi imalola ogwira ntchito oyenerera kwambiri omwe ali ndi nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito kuti adziwe kugonana kwa nkhuku yachinyamata yolondola 92-96%, pamene liwiro la ntchito likufika pa 600-800 pa ola limodzi. .

The downside of ventsexing ndi kuthekera kwa matenda a anthu ndi matumbo microflora, komanso kuvulala.

Njirayi ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ichitike pakapita nthawi maola asanu ndi limodzi mpaka khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi anapiye akamaswa, ndiye kuti mwa anthu, machitidwe ogonana amayamba kusalala ndipo zimakhala zovuta kudziwa nkhuku kapena tambala.

The zonse mkombero wa kugonana mtima tichipeza zotsatirazi njira: kutenga mwana wankhuku, kuwunika chikhalidwe, kukhuthula nkhani za rectum ndiyeno kutsegula cloaca munthu. Kenako anapiye onse amagawidwa m'mabokosi osiyana malinga ndi kugonana kwawo. Kuti muyeretse rectum, gwiritsani ntchito chala chachikulu, cholozera ndi zala zapakatikati za dzanja lomwe mwana wankhuku amakhala kuti afinyize pamimba ndi m'mbali. Kenako, mutayigwira m'manja mwanu, mutembenuzire mozondoka, kenaka gwirani miyendo ndi dzanja lina ndikuzitsina pakati pa zala zapakati ndi zolozera. Sikoyenera kufinya mwanapiye mwamphamvu, chifukwa izi zidzasokoneza kuyang'anira.

Kutsegula kolondola kwa cloaca ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri pozindikira umwini wa mwanapiye. Mutakhazikitsa munthu pamalo awa, ndikofunikira kutembenuza khoma lamkati la cloaca kunja kuchokera kumbali ya pamimba. Pamwamba pa gawoli, amuna adzakhala ndi tubercle, zomwe nkhuku sizidzakhala nazo.

Cytogenetic njira

Njirayi imachokera ku kutsimikiza kwa kugonana kwa nkhuku yamasiku ano ndi karyotype ya maselo amtundu wa nthenga. Chromosome ya Z-sex mwa amuna ndiyotalika kwambiri pa karyotype, koma nkhuku, W-chromosome ndi yaying'ono ka 10 kuposa W-chromosome ndi submetacentric. Ndi chiwerengero cha Z-chromosomes, munthu amatha kudziwa kugonana kwa munthu pophunzira mitosis ya maselo amtundu wa nthenga pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya cytogenetic. Ngati pali chromosome imodzi yokha, ndiye kuti iyi ndi nkhuku, ngati pali ma chromosome awiri, ndiye kuti izi zimasonyeza kugonana kwa mwamuna.

Molecular genetic njira

Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuthekera kotsimikiza za kugonana pochotsa kusakanizidwa kwa DNA yamagazi ndi choyambira china. Kugonana kwa munthu wachinyamata kumatsimikiziridwa molondola pofufuza zitsanzo za DNA yoyeretsedwa ndi pophunzira magazi athunthu, osambitsa erythrocyte. Komabe, njira yopangira ma genetic ndiyokwera mtengo komanso imatenga nthawi.