Jade mu agalu: mankhwala ndi zizindikiro

Za nephritis mu agalu

Impso ndi ziwalo ziwiri zomwe zili pamimba. Ntchito zawo ndi zofunika kwambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana. Ndiwo fyuluta ya thupi, kuchotsa zinthu zosafunika mumkodzo zomwe zimapangidwira m'kati mwa moyo.

Amathandizanso kusunga madzi ndi electrolyte bwino, kuthamanga kwa magazi, hematopoiesis.

Nephritis ndi kutupa kwa minofu ya impso, yomwe ingayambe m'madera osiyanasiyana, koma pang'onopang'ono ingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo chonse. Ndipo, motero, kuphwanya ntchito yake.

Zomwe zimayambitsa nephritis ndizosiyana: kuledzera, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, matenda a endocrine, njira zotupa, komanso matenda a ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe awo.

Mitundu ya matenda

Malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha kuyenda, ndi chizolowezi kusiyanitsa:

• Pachimake nephritis. Akufotokozera mofulumira mchikakamizo cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana: matenda, poizoni. Komanso, zomwe zimayambitsa zitha kukhala zovuta zina ndi matenda: sepsis, kutaya magazi, matenda amtima, etc.

  Chifukwa chimodzi chofunikira cha matenda a impso agalu ndi leptospirosis, matenda a bakiteriya omwe amatha kuwononga impso ndi chiwindi. Matendawa ndi

  zooanthroponosisMatenda a nyama ndi anthu.

• Matenda a nephritis Galu akhoza kuyamba chifukwa cha chironda chachikulu ngati mbali yaikulu ya impso yasiya kugwira ntchito. Komanso, kuwonongeka kwa impso kungathe kuchitika motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda ena a mkodzo: urolithiasis, cystitis, prostatitis, ndi zina zotero.

Malinga ndi gawo la chiwalo chomwe chimayambitsa matenda, mitundu iyi ya nephritis imatha kusiyanitsa:

• kachirombo. Kutupa kwa aimpso mafupa a chiuno ndi parenchyma wa impso. Chifukwa cha matendawa nthawi zambiri matenda bakiteriya.

• glomerulonephritis. Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya glomeruli ya impso - dongosolo lawo losefera. Zimayamba chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana: matenda, poizoni,

  zosinthaPamene chitetezo cha m'thupi chikuukira minofu yathanzi m'thupi matenda.

• Interstitial (tubulointerstitial) nephritis. The yotupa ndondomeko mu nkhani iyi zimakhudza dongosolo tubules a impso ndi zimakhala zowazungulira.

Zizindikiro za nephritis

Chinthu chosasangalatsa cha nephritis mu agalu ndi kusowa kwa zizindikiro kumayambiriro kwa matendawa komanso mofatsa.

Pachimake nephritis nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi zizindikiro nonspecific: kutentha thupi, kusanza, kukana chakudya. Pakuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa impso, pangakhale kuchepa kwa kupanga mkodzo mpaka kulibe.

Ngati pachimake nephritis wayamba motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda ena (sepsis, magazi, etc.), zizindikiro za nephritis mwina sangazindikire ndipo chifukwa cha matendawo.

M'kupita kwanthawi ya matendawa, zizindikiro siziwoneka mpaka impso zimatha kutenga nawo gawo mokwanira pakusefera, kusunga madzi ndi electrolyte moyenera, komanso kupanikizika. Pamene minofu yambiri ya impso imakhala yosagwira ntchito, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimakula: ludzu ndi kukodza, kuchepa kwa njala, kulemera, ntchito, kusanza, kudzimbidwa, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Kuzindikira matenda

Njira zosiyanasiyana zowunikira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira nephritis mwa agalu.

Kusanthula mkodzo. Zofunika kuwunika ntchito ya impso ndi zizindikiro za kutupa. Ndi nephritis, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumachepa, maselo amawonekera mumatope, ndikuyika impso kuchokera mkati.

Kupatula kutayika kwa mapuloteni kudzera mu impso, mwachitsanzo, ndi glomerulonephritis, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni / creatinine mumkodzo kumayesedwa.

Ndi pyelonephritis, chikhalidwe cha mkodzo cha microflora chingafunikire kusankha kolondola kwa maantibayotiki.

Kusanthula kwachilengedwe kwa magazi. Impso yathanzi imachotsa mokwanira zinyalala za thupi: urea ndi creatinine. Ndi nephritis, kuchuluka kwawo m'magazi kumakwera. Mlingo wa glucose, phosphorous, electrolytes, ndi albumin umayesedwanso m'magazi.

Kuyeza magazi kwanthawi zonse. Zimathandizira kuzindikira zizindikiro za kutupa ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayamba ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso.

Kufufuza kwa Ultrasound. Iwonetsanso momwe impso imawonekera, ngakhale pali kusintha kulikonse mu kapangidwe kake, osapatula ma neoplasms, miyala ndi zina za pathological inclusions mu chiwalo.

Tonometry. Ndilololedwa kwa nyama zomwe zikukayikiridwa

oopsaKuwonjezeka kwamphamvu - vuto lodziwika bwino la mtundu wa matenda aakulu.

Kuphatikiza pa maphunziro omwe ali pamwambawa, ena angafunikire: kuyezetsa leptospirosis (milingo ya antibody m'magazi, PCR ya mkodzo), kuyesa kwa majini ngati akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi matenda obadwa nawo,

biopsyKutenga chidutswa cha minofu yofufuza impso, etc.

Kuchiza Jade mu Agalu

Chithandizo chikhoza kutumizidwa ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga leptospirosis, kapena zingakhale ndi chithandizo chokonzekera chomwe chimapangidwira kuthetsa ndi kuteteza zotsatira za nephritis mu galu.

Bacterial nephritis imafuna ma antibiotic. Momwemo, amasonkhanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha mkodzo. Mankhwala opha tizilombo amafunikanso pochiza leptospirosis.

Pachimake nephritis, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zomwe zidayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa impso.

Nthawi zina zomwe zimayambitsa nephritis pachimake sizingawongoleredwe, monga kuwonongeka kwapoizoni. Zikatero, nyama amafunika hemodialysis. Ndi njirayi, chida chapadera chimasefa magazi m'malo mwa impso, kuwapatsa mwayi wochira. Zida zopangira hemodialysis ndizovuta komanso zokwera mtengo ndipo zimapezeka m'zipatala zingapo zosankhidwa mdziko muno.

M'kupita kwanthawi ya matendawa, chithandizo chimachepetsedwa kuti chithandizire thupi.

Kulowetsedwa kwa mayankho ndi ma electrolyte, zowonjezera zakudya zomwe zimachotsa phosphorous ochulukirapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumafuna mankhwala a antihypertensive

mapuloteniKutayika kwa mapuloteni kudzera mu impso mu mkodzo - mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuchepa kwa mapuloteni.

Chakudya chapadera ndi kukonzekera kwa vitamini kungapangidwenso. Ngati galu ayamba kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, mankhwala owonjezera a iron ndi Erythropoietin amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ntchito yochizira matenda nthawi yayitali ya matendawa ndikukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino wa nyama.

Kupewa nephritis

• Katemera, kuphatikizapo leptospirosis.

• Chithandizo cha ectoparasites. M'madera omwe nkhupakupa za ixodid ndizofala, zimatengedwa kuchokera ku thaw yoyamba mpaka chisanu choyamba popanda kusokonezedwa.

• Pa nthawi yake mankhwala a matenda a kwamikodzo dongosolo, komanso prostatitis amuna ndi metroendometritis, vaginitis akazi.

• Galu akhoza kutenga poizoni osati poizoni wapakhomo (insectoacaricides, rodent repellents, mankhwala apakhomo, etc.), komanso pamene akudya anyezi, adyo, zoumba (mphesa).

Chidule

1. Nephritis ndi kutupa kwa impso zomwe zimatha kuchitika mwa agalu pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana: poizoni, matenda, matenda a ziwalo zina ndi machitidwe awo.

2. Malinga ndi kukula kwa matendawa, njira zowawa komanso zosatha zimatha kusiyanitsa.

3. Zizindikiro za nephritis nthawi zambiri sizikhala zenizeni. Mu pachimake nephritis, kusanza, mphwayi, kuchepa kudya, ndi kutentha thupi kungawonekere.

4. Matenda osachiritsika alibe zizindikiro malinga ngati impso zimatha kuchotsa poizoni, kusunga madzi ndi kupanikizika. Ndi kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa impso minofu, kuchuluka ludzu ndi pokodza, kuchepa kwa njala ndi kulemera kwa thupi, ndi kusanza kukhala.

5. Pozindikira nephritis, mkodzo, kuyezetsa magazi, ndi ultrasound kumachitika. Nthawi zina maphunziro apadera amafunikira: kusanthula kwa leptospirosis, chikhalidwe cha mkodzo, kuyezetsa majini, etc.

6. Chithandizo cha nephritis chingayang'ane kwambiri kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, monga mabakiteriya. Pachimake nephritis galu angafune hemodialysis. Mu matenda aakulu, mankhwala amafunika kukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino nyama ndi kuchepetsa aimpso ntchito.

Sources:

1. J. Elliot, G. Groer "Nephrology ndi urology ya agalu ndi amphaka", 2014

2. McIntyre DK, Drobats K., Haskings S., Saxon W. "Chisamaliro chadzidzidzi ndi nyama zazing'ono", 2018

3. Craig E. Greene Matenda opatsirana a galu ndi mphaka, 2012

October 12 2022

Zasinthidwa: October 12, 2022