Leptospirosis mu agalu ndi amphaka

Kodi leptospirosis ndi chiyani? Leptospirosis ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri a bakiteriya omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya amtundu wa Leptospira, omwe ndi a m'banja la Spirochaetaceae. Kuwonjezera pa amphaka ndi agalu, nyama zina zoweta ndi zakutchire zimathanso kudwala: ng'ombe zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, akavalo, nkhumba, zilombo zakutchire - mimbulu, nkhandwe, nkhandwe za kumtunda, mink, ferrets; makoswe - mbewa, makoswe, agologolo, lagomorphs, komanso mbalame. Kwa anthu, matendawa ndi owopsa. Njira zochizira matenda a leptospirosis

• Mwa kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi wodwala nyama, ndi malovu, mkaka, magazi, mkodzo ndi zina kwachilengedwenso madzimadzi
• Kudya zovunda zomwe zili ndi kachilombo kapena makoswe onyamula leptospira 
• Kupyolera mu kukhudzana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku makoswe ndi mbewa m'tawuni
• Pamene kudya chakudya kachilombo ndi makoswe, pamene kudyetsa nyama, offal ndi mkaka wa odwala kapena anachira leptospiro-chonyamulira nyama.
• Mukamamwa madzi oipitsidwa kuchokera m'madamu otseguka ndi madamu 
• Posambitsa agalu m'mayiwe omwe ali ndi kachilomboka komanso m'madzi
• Pamene kukumba munali chonyowa nthaka ndi kudziluma pa mizu ndi timitengo
• Pamene makwerero agalu ndi leptospirosis
• Njira ya intrauterine yotengera matenda komanso kudzera mu mkaka kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa ana
• Kudzera ku nkhupakupa ndi kulumidwa ndi tizilombo

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'thupi makamaka kudzera mu mucous nembanemba zam'mimba, kupuma ndi genitourinary system, komanso khungu lowonongeka. Kutalika kwa makulitsidwe (nthawi yochokera ku matenda mpaka kuoneka kwa zizindikiro zoyamba zachipatala) kumatenga masiku awiri mpaka makumi awiri. Leptospira sagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi kusungidwa kunja, koma mu nthaka yonyowa ndi matupi amadzi amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka masiku 130, ndipo mu malo oundana amakhala kwa zaka zambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amakhudzidwa ndi kuyanika ndi kutentha kwakukulu: m'nthaka youma pambuyo pa maola 2-3 amataya mphamvu zawo zobereketsa, kuwala kwa dzuwa amafa pambuyo pa maola awiri, kutentha kwa +2 amafa patatha mphindi 56; pa +30 amafa nthawi yomweyo. Amakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo komanso maantibayotiki (makamaka streptomycin). Malo abwino kwambiri osungira leptospira kunja kwa thupi ndi madamu amadzi, maiwe, madambo, mitsinje yoyenda pang'onopang'ono, ndi dothi lonyowa. Njira yamadzi yopatsira matenda ndiyo yaikulu komanso yofala kwambiri. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amawonekera m'nyengo yofunda, m'chilimwe ndi kumayambiriro kwa autumn, makamaka nyengo yachinyezi, komanso nyengo yotentha, pamene nyama zimakonda kuzizira ndi kuledzera kuchokera m'madamu otseguka ndi mathithi. Amphaka amadwala kwambiri ndi kugwira ndi kudya makoswe (nthawi zambiri makoswe), momwe madzi amapatsira amphaka ndi osowa kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda awo a chiwewe komanso tcheru posankha madzi akumwa.

Zizindikiro ndi mawonekedwe a matendawa

Mwiniwake aliyense amadziwa kuti zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda zikawoneka mwa mphaka kapena galu, muyenera kuyimbira foni ndikufunsana ndi veterinarian kapena kubwera kudzakumana maso ndi maso. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa magulu oopsa: amphaka omasuka, alonda, kusaka, agalu abusa, makamaka ngati alibe katemera. Zizindikiro zazikulu za leptospirosis mwa agalu ndi:

• Kutentha kumawonjezeka
• mphwayi
• Kusowa kapena kuchepa kwa njala, kuchuluka kwa ludzu
• Mawonekedwe a jaundice (kuchokera pachikasu chowala mpaka chikasu chakuda cha mucous nembanemba mkamwa, mphuno, nyini, komanso khungu la pamimba, perineum, mkati mwa makutu)
• Kukodza ndi magazi kapena mtundu wa bulauni, mkodzo wamtambo
• Magazi amapezeka mu chopondapo ndi masanzi, magazi a ukazi amatha kuchitika
• Kutuluka magazi pa mucous nembanemba ndi khungu
• Kupweteka kwa chiwindi, impso, matumbo, 
• Madera a hyperemic ndi icteric amawonekera pakamwa pakamwa, kenako - necrotic foci ndi zilonda zam'mimba.
• madzi m'thupi
• Neurological matenda, khunyu
• M'magawo otsiriza a matenda aakulu - kuchepa kwa kutentha, kugunda, chiwindi ndi impso kulephera, chiweto chimagwera mu chikomokere chachikulu ndikufa. 

mphezi mawonekedwe. The fulminant mawonekedwe a matenda ali ndi nthawi 2 mpaka 48 hours. Matendawa amayamba ndi kuwonjezeka mwadzidzidzi kutentha kwa thupi, kenako lakuthwa maganizo ndi kufooka. Nthawi zina, eni ake amazindikira kuti galu wodwala akudzuka, kusandulika chipolowe; Kutentha kwa thupi la galu kumatenga maola angapo akudwala, kenako kumatsika mpaka 38C. Pali tachycardia, ulusi kugunda. Kupuma mozama, pafupipafupi. Poyang'ana mucous nembanemba, chikasu chawo chimawululidwa, mkodzo wamagazi. Imfa mu mawonekedwe a matenda kufika 100%. Kuthwa mawonekedwe. Mu mawonekedwe owopsa, nthawi ya matendawa ndi masiku 1-4, nthawi zina masiku 5-10, kufa kumatha kufika 60-80%. Subacute mawonekedwe.

Mtundu wa subacute wa leptospirosis umadziwika ndi zizindikiro zofanana, koma zimakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo sizimatchulidwa. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amatha 10-15, nthawi zina mpaka masiku 20 ngati pali matenda osakanikirana kapena achiwiri. Imfa mu mawonekedwe a subacute ndi 30-50%.

Matenda mawonekedwe

Mu nyama zambiri, subacute mawonekedwe amakhala aakulu. Munthawi yayitali ya leptospirosis, agalu amakhalabe ndi njala, koma kuwonda, chikasu cha mucous nembanemba, kuchepa kwa magazi m'mimba, kutsekula m'mimba nthawi ndi nthawi, zipsera zachikasu zotuwa pakamwa, kutseguka ndi zilonda. Kutentha kwa thupi kumakhalabe kwachilendo. Pankhaniyi, galu amakhalabe chonyamulira leptospirosis kwa nthawi yaitali.

The atypical mawonekedwe a matenda amapita mosavuta. Pali kuwonjezeka kwapang'ono komanso kwakanthawi kochepa kwa kutentha kwa thupi (ndi 0,5-1 ° C), kukhumudwa pang'ono, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi la mucous nembanemba, icterus pang'ono, kwanthawi yayitali (kuyambira maola 12 mpaka 3-4 masiku) hemoglobinuria. Zizindikiro zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi zimatha pakangopita masiku angapo ndipo nyamayo imachira.

Mawonekedwe a icteric amalembedwa makamaka mwa ana agalu ndi agalu azaka za 1-2. Matendawa akhoza kukhala pachimake, subacute ndi aakulu. Limodzi ndi hyperthermia mpaka 40-41,5 ° C, kusanza ndi magazi, pachimake gastroenteritis, kupweteka kwambiri m'matumbo ndi chiwindi. Chachikulu chosiyanitsa mawonekedwe a icteric a matendawa ndi malo enieni a leptospira m'chiwindi, omwe amachititsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa maselo a chiwindi ndi kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa ntchito zake zofunika kwambiri.

Mtundu wa leptospirosis wa hemorrhagic (anicteric) umapezeka makamaka mwa agalu akuluakulu. Matendawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri pachimake kapena subacute mawonekedwe, amayamba mwadzidzidzi ndi yodziwika ndi yochepa hyperthermia mpaka 40-41,5 ° C, ulesi kwambiri, anorexia, kuchuluka ludzu, hyperemia wa mucous nembanemba m`kamwa ndi m`mphuno. mitsempha, conjunctiva. Pambuyo pake (pa tsiku la 2-3) kutentha kwa thupi kumatsika mpaka 37-38 ° C, ndipo kumadziwika kuti hemorrhagic syndrome imayamba: kutuluka magazi kwa mucous nembanemba ndi ziwalo zina za thupi (mkamwa, m'mphuno, m'mimba).

Kwa amphaka, zinthu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Leptospirosis mu amphaka nthawi zambiri amakhala asymptomatic. Izi ndi zoona makamaka pa nthawi ya isanayambike matenda ndi masiku 10 makulitsidwe nthawi. Pambuyo pa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (leptospira) m'thupi, matendawa amayamba kudziwonetsera okha kuchipatala. Palibe zizindikiro zenizeni zomwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi amphaka omwe ali ndi leptospirosis. Zonsezi zimachitika mu matenda ena ambiri. Ulesi, mphwayi, kugona, kutentha thupi, kukana chakudya ndi madzi, kutaya madzi m'thupi, kuuma kwa mucous m'maso, mawonetseredwe a icteric pa mucous nembanemba, mdima wa mkodzo, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, kutsatiridwa ndi kudzimbidwa, kukomoka, ndipo zizindikilo izi zitha kukhala zowopsa mosiyanasiyana. mpaka pafupifupi wosaoneka. Ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze mawonetseredwe a chizindikiro china, kukaonana ndi veterinarian, kenako kuyesa ma laboratory ndikutsimikizira kuti muli ndi matenda. Pali milandu mwadzidzidzi kunja kuchira mphaka, pamene zizindikiro mwadzidzidzi kutha, ngati kuti palibe, mphaka amawoneka wathanzi. Ndiye mphakayo amakhala chonyamulira leptospiro.

Diagnostics

Leptospirosis imatha kukhala ngati matenda ena. Popeza matendawa ndi opatsirana kwambiri komanso owopsa, kuphatikizapo anthu, m'pofunika kuchita zofufuza. Kwenikweni, ma labotale azowona zanyama amagwirizana ndi ma labotale achilengedwe a anthu. Kafukufukuyu amafuna magazi kapena mkodzo wa nyama yomwe ikuganiziridwa kuti ikudwala. Kuzindikira kwenikweni kumakhazikitsidwa malinga ndi zotsatira za maphunziro a labotale (bacteriological, serological, biochemical). Kuzindikira kosiyana: Leptospirosis iyenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi matenda ena. Mu amphaka kuchokera pachimake nephritis ndi chiwindi, matenda opatsirana. Chithunzi chofananira chikhoza kuwonedwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi matenda opatsirana a peritonitis amphaka. Mwa agalu, leptospirosis iyenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi poizoni, matenda a chiwindi, mliri, piroplasmosis, borreliosis, ndi kulephera kwaimpso. chithandizo Chithandizo cha leptospirosis sichachangu. Hyperimmune sera yolimbana ndi leptospirosis imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo wa 0,5 ml pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa thupi, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa matendawa. Seramu imayikidwa pansi pa khungu, nthawi zambiri kamodzi patsiku kwa masiku 1-2. Mankhwala opha tizilombo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito, chithandizo cha zizindikiro (kugwiritsa ntchito hepatoprotectors, antiemetic ndi diuretic mankhwala, madzi amchere ndi mchere, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mwachitsanzo, gemodez).

Prevention

• Kupewa agalu oyenda okha ndi amphaka
• Kupewa kukhudzana ndi nyama zosokera, zotheka zonyamula leptospiro
• Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa makoswe komwe kumakhala nyama
• Chithandizo cha malo omwe nyama zimasungidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo
• Chithandizo cha nyama kuchokera kunja majeremusi
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zowuma ndi nyama zomwe zatsimikiziridwa, madzi oyera
• Kuletsa/kuletsa kusambira ndi kumwa madzi okayikitsa omwe ali ndi madzi osasunthika
• Katemera wanthawi yake. Mitundu yonse yayikulu ya katemera imaphatikizapo chigawo chotsutsana ndi leptospirosis. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti katemera samapereka chitetezo cha 100% ku leptospirosis. Mapangidwe a katemera amaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya leptospira, ndipo m'chilengedwe pali zambiri, ndipo nthawi ya chitetezo pambuyo pa katemera ndi yocheperapo chaka, kotero katemera wapachaka akulimbikitsidwa.
• Pogwira ntchito ndi nyama zodwala, munthu ayenera kutetezedwa ndi magalasi, magolovesi, zovala zotsekedwa, ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo sayenera kunyalanyazidwa.