Nephritis mu amphaka: Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo
Zamkatimu
O impso
Impso zimagwira ntchito zambiri zofunika m'thupi: zimasefa magazi, kuchotsa poizoni mumkodzo, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte, calcium, glucose, phosphorous, kutenga nawo gawo mu hematopoiesis komanso kuwongolera kuthamanga. Choncho, nephritis ndi oopsa, nthawi zambiri matenda aakulu.
Mu pachimake mawonekedwe a matenda, impso kuwonongeka kumachitika mwamsanga ndipo palibe yeniyeni zizindikiro zakunja.
Mawonekedwe aakulu amatha kukhala asymptomatic kwa nthawi yayitali. Monga lamulo, mpaka ntchito ya impso ichepa kwambiri, ndipo zovuta zimakula: ludzu lochuluka ndi kukodza, kuchepa kwa chilakolako ndi kulemera, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga).
Mitundu yade
Malinga ndi momwe matendawa amakhalira, amasiyanitsidwa:
Pachimake nephritis - imayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamatenda: mankhwala (ethylene glycol), mbewu (maluwa), mankhwala omwe amatha kukhala oopsa ku impso (aminoglycosides, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, fosfomycin).
Komanso, kuwonongeka kwa impso kumatha kuchitika motsutsana ndi zochitika zina zazikulu: sepsis, kutaya magazi, kutaya madzi m'thupi, kuvulala, etc.
Matenda a nephritis - Zofala kwambiri mwa achikulire. Matendawa amatha kukula motsutsana ndi maziko a kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa nthawi yayitali, njira za oncological (lymphoma), matenda obwereza (obwerezabwereza): pyelonephritis, urolithiasis (urolithiasis), cystitis (kutupa kwa chikhodzodzo).
Chifukwa cha zimenezi nephritis kungakhale kobadwa nako matenda. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a polycystic ku Persian, exotic, British shorthair, Scottish khola (ndi molunjika) amphaka, amyloidosis mu amphaka a Abyssinian.
Mosasamala kanthu za momwe zilonda za impso zinayambira, ntchito zake zonse zidzakhudzidwa, chifukwa. mbali zonse za impso zimalumikizana kwambiri. Koma malinga ndi kutanthauzira kwa njira ya pathological (dera la chotupa), titha kusiyanitsa:
kachirombo - Zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda a bakiteriya. Mitsempha ya m'chiuno ndi parenchyma ya chiwalo imakhudzidwa ndi kutupa. Mabakiteriya amatha kulowa mu impso kudzera m'mitsempha (machubu opyapyala omwe amalumikiza impso ndi chikhodzodzo) kuchokera m'munsi mwa mkodzo kapena kudzera m'magazi. Pyelonephritis imatha kukhala yachiwiri ndi matenda ena, monga matenda a virus (virus leukemia kapena immunodeficiency), shuga.
Interstitial nephritis (fibrosis) - ndi mtundu uwu wa matenda amphaka, parenchyma imakhudzidwa. Pali zinthu zambiri zamatenda zomwe zingayambitse izi: mabakiteriya, ma virus, matenda osatha (shuga mellitus, hyperthyroidism, etc.). Pang'onopang'ono, minofu yogwira ntchito ya impso imasinthidwa ndi minofu ya fibrous - minofu yowonjezereka, yosagwira ntchito. Impso imachepa kukula, imachepa.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis - kusintha kosatha mu parenchyma ya impso ndi dongosolo la tubular (mtima, kusefa) mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina zosadziwika. Nthawi zambiri amphaka akale. Iwo akhoza kukhala motsutsana maziko a kale anasamutsa pachimake nephritis.
glomerulonephritis - kutupa kwa glomeruli - kusefa mitsempha ya glomeruli ya impso. Amphaka, matendawa amapezeka kawirikawiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi matenda aakulu tizilombo: feline khansa ya m'magazi HIV, feline immunodeficiency, tizilombo peritonitis.
tubular necrosis - kumabweretsa kufa kwa ma tubules osefa - ma tubules mu kapangidwe ka impso. Nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha poizoni ndi poizoni: maluwa, ethylene glycol.
Hydronephrosis - kuwonongeka kwa aimpso m'chiuno chifukwa cha kuphwanya kutuluka kwa mkodzo kuchokera ku impso. Chifukwa chake ndi kutsekeka kwa ureter ndi calculus (mwala), kutsekeka kwa ntchofu. Komanso chifukwa blockage kungakhale neoplasm wa impso ndi zimakhala padziko ureter, zoopsa, opaleshoni zolakwa pa ntchito m`mimba patsekeke.
zizindikiro
Monga tanena kale, chiopsezo chachikulu cha nephritis amphaka ndi kusowa kwa zizindikiro zilizonse zakunja kapena pang'onopang'ono, kukula kosawoneka koyambirira kwa matendawa.
Mu pachimake njira, akuti: mphwayi, kukana kudyetsa, kusanza, malungo. Pankhani ya kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa impso, pakhoza kukhala kuchepa kwa kupanga mkodzo (oliguria) kapena kusiya kwake konse ( anuria ).
Tsoka ilo, nthawi zambiri ndi kuvulala kwakukulu kwa impso, mphaka amalowa m'chipatala kale pa siteji pamene kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya impso sikungatheke, kupulumuka kwa odwala oterewa kumakhala kochepa.
Muzochitika zosatha, zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimadziwika: ludzu lowonjezeka ndi kukodza, kuchepa thupi, chilakolako, kusanza nthawi ndi nthawi, kudzimbidwa, kuchepa kwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, panthawi ya matendawa, eni ake amamvetsera zizindikiro pokhapokha atawonekera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti minofu yambiri ya impso sikugwiranso ntchito.
Diagnostics
Kuti muzindikire nephritis mu mphaka, maphunziro angapo amafunikira:
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa urea, creatinine, phosphorous, electrolytes. Kumathandiza kumvetsa ntchito ya impso.
Kuyezetsa magazi kwachipatala kumafunika kuti mudziwe kutupa ndi kuchepa kwa magazi (kuchepa kwa magazi ofiira) - vuto lodziwika bwino la matenda aakulu.
SDMA ndi kusanthula komwe ndi njira yoyamba yowunika ntchito ya impso kuposa creatinine, chifukwa. mlingo wake umakwera m'magazi kale. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yowonjezera kapena yodziwira matenda a nephritis kumayambiriro kwa maphunziro aakulu.
Ultrasound kufufuza kwamikodzo dongosolo. Ndikofunikira kuti muwunikenso mawonekedwe a impso ndikuwona kusintha kwake.
Kusanthula mkodzo. Zofunikira pakuwunika ntchito ya impso. Urinalysis ya kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni / creatinine kumawonetsa kutayika kwa mapuloteni kudzera mu impso.
Ngati matenda a bakiteriya, monga pyelonephritis, akukayikira, chikhalidwe cha mkodzo chingafunikire.
Tonometry. Kuyeza kuthamanga m`pofunika kusaganizira matenda oopsa, amene akhoza kukhala motsutsa maziko a matenda, komanso matenda ena. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kumakhudza kwambiri ubongo, maso, mtima, impso ndipo kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwawo.
Chithandizo cha nephritis amphaka
Pakuvulala kwakukulu kwa impso, sitepe yofunikira idzakhala kusonkhanitsa anamnesis (mbiri yachipatala) kuti amvetse chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa. Nthawi zina, monga poizoni wa ethylene glycol, ndizotheka kupereka mankhwala oletsa antidote (antidote). Zinyama zomwe zimakhala ndi vuto lalikulu la impso zimathandizidwa kuchipatala, chifukwa. Awa ndi odwala omwe amafunika kuyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala nthawi zonse.
Pankhani ya nephritis pachimake pamphaka, hemodialysis imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yodzidzimutsa - njira yomwe magazi amatsukidwa ndi poizoni ndi zida zapadera, ndipo impso panthawiyi zimakhala ndi mwayi wochira.
Zida zopangira hemodialysis mu amphaka ndizodziwika bwino ndipo zimapezeka m'malo ochepa chabe azowona zanyama mdziko muno.
Komanso, chiweto chimapatsidwa mankhwala olowetsedwa, mankhwala oletsa magazi amaperekedwa, ndipo mphamvu ya electrolyte imakonzedwa.
Pyelonephritis imafuna chithandizo chamankhwala. Mankhwala opha tizilombo nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha mkodzo.
Mu matenda aakulu, chithandizo chidzadalira siteji ya ndondomekoyi. Njira zotsatirazi zochiritsira ndi zodzitetezera zimachitika: kuwongolera zakudya, kuchuluka kwa phosphorous m'magazi mothandizidwa ndi zowonjezera zapadera, kukhazikika kwamadzi ndi electrolyte, komanso kuchepa kwa protein yotayika kudzera mu impso. Kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi ndi matenda oopsa amakonzedwanso.
Prevention
Malo otetezeka: musasiye mankhwala apakhomo, mankhwala owopsa omwe mphaka angafikire.
Pewani mndandanda waulere.
Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe angakhale oopsa kwa amphaka: aminoglycosides, mankhwala ena omwe si a steroidal odana ndi kutupa, fosfomycin, etc.
Musalole mphaka kukumana ndi zomera m'nyumba ndi maluwa mu bouquets.
Nthawi yake kudziwa ndi kuchiza matenda a m`munsi kwamikodzo thirakiti: cystitis, urolithiasis, urethritis.
Amphaka achikulire zaka 10, nthawi zonse zodzitetezera mayeso 1-2 pachaka ndi kuunika impso ntchito: ultrasound, magazi kwa urea, creatinine, ambiri matenda urinalysis.
Jade mu amphaka - chinthu chachikulu
Nephritis ndi kutupa kwa impso mwa amphaka. Zitha kukhala zovuta komanso zosatha.
Conventionally, nephritis akhoza kugawidwa malinga ndi dera la kuwonongeka kwa impso: glomerulonephritis, necrosis tubular, etc. mapangidwe impso ndi osalekanitsa ogwirizana wina ndi mzake, ndondomeko pathological akhoza kufalikira kwa chiwalo chonse.
The zimayambitsa pachimake nephritis zambiri poizoni m'chilengedwe; amalumikizidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa nephrotoxic (poizoni ku impso) m'thupi. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuvulala kwakukulu kwa impso zingakhale: kutsekeka kwa mkodzo ndi miyala, kuwonongeka kwa mabakiteriya ku impso, kutuluka magazi, kutaya madzi m'thupi, etc.
Zizindikiro za pachimake nephritis zambiri monga: mphwayi, kukana kudya, kusanza, malungo. Woopsa milandu, utachepa kapena palibe pokodza.
The aakulu mtundu wa matenda akufotokozera pang`onopang`ono. Zizindikiro zafupipafupi zidzakhala: kuwonda, ludzu lowonjezereka ndi kukodza, kuchepa kwa chilakolako, kusanza, kusanza, kudzimbidwa.
Matenda a nephritis ndi zovuta ndipo zikuphatikizapo: ultrasound wa impso ndi chikhodzodzo, urinalysis, ambiri matenda ndi zamchere zamchere magazi, kuthamanga muyeso.
Chithandizo cha pachimake nephritis amphaka zachokera zotheka kuchotsa poizoni ndi hemodialysis. Chithandizo cha kulowetsedwa, kuchotsa kusanza, kukonza ma electrolyte ndi phosphorous kumachitika.
Chithandizo cha matenda aakulu mtundu wa matenda zimadalira siteji ya ndondomeko ndi zikuphatikizapo kukonza zakudya, madzimadzi bwino, electrolytes, phosphorous, matenda oopsa, magazi m`thupi.
Sources:
Elliot D, Groer G. Nephrology ndi Urology mu Agalu ndi Amphaka, 2014
Upperurinarytractinfections (pyelonephritis), ISCAID 2019 // The Veterinary Journal, (Pyelonephritis ya agalu ndi amphaka - kuchokera ku Malangizo a ISCAID, omasuliridwa ndi Vasiliev AV), 2019.
Chandler EA, Gaskell RM, Gaskell KJ Matenda a amphaka, 2011
Yosinthidwa ndi Gary D. Norsworthy. Wodwala wamphongo, kope lachisanu, (Wodwala wamphaka, kope lachisanu), 2018
Zomera Zapoizoni. Zomera zapoizoni // Gwero: www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants.
