Mfundo 10 Zosangalatsa za Dolphin

Ma dolphin ndi nyama zoyamwitsa, zimapezeka panyanja, m'kamwa mwa mitsinje. Iwo ndi osambira abwino chifukwa thupi lawo limazolowera kuyenda m'madzi. Thupi la dolphin limachokera ku 2 mpaka 3,6 m, amalemera kuyambira 150 mpaka 300 kg. Ali ndi mano osongoka, chiwerengero chawo ndi cholembera - 272, opangidwa ngati spikes zosongoka. Izi ndi zofunika kusunga nyama poterera.

Nazi mfundo 10 zosangalatsa za ma dolphin kwa ophunzira a giredi 4 zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuphunzira zambiri za nyama zoyamwitsa. Mpaka pano, zomwe timalandira za iwo ndizodabwitsa komanso zodabwitsa, chifukwa. Ma dolphin sitingawayerekeze ndi nyama iliyonse yomwe ili padziko lapansi pano.

10 Dzinali limatha kutanthauziridwa kuti "mwana wakhanda"

Mawu akuti "dolphin" amachokera ku Greek δελφίς, ndipo amachokera ku Indo-European, kutanthauza "mimba», "mimba“. Choncho, akatswiri ena amamasulira kuti «mwana wakhanda“. Dzina loterolo lingaonekere chifukwa chakuti dolphin ndi yofananako ndi mwana kapena kulira kwake kumafanana ndi kulira kwa mwana..

9. Ubongo wa dolphin umalemera kuposa munthu ndipo umakhala ndi ma convolutions ambiri

Kulemera kwa ubongo wa dolphin ndi 1700 g, pamene ubongo wa munthu wamba ndi wosapitirira 1400 g.. Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti sichikudabwitsa osati kukula kwake, komanso zovuta kwambiri pamapangidwe ake. Muli ma cell a mitsempha ndi ma convolutions ambiri momwemo kuposa anthu. Amasiyana m'mawonekedwe okha. m'menemo amafanana ndi mbulunga, pamene mwathu amaphwanyidwa pang'ono.

Dera lophatikizana la cerebral cortex ndilofanana ndi la anthu, zomwe zingasonyeze luntha lotukuka. The parietal lobe ndi kukula mofanana ndi anthu. Koma gawo lalikulu kwambiri lowoneka la ubongo.

Amadziwa kumvera ena chisoni, akhoza, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuwathandiza. Chifukwa chake, ku India adadziwika kuti ndi anthu payekhapayekha, kotero kuti ma dolphinarium omwe amaphwanya ufulu wawo amaletsedwa mdzikolo.

8. Khalani ndi dongosolo lamawu

Ma dolphin ali ndi chilankhulo chawochawo. Katswiri wa zamaganizo komanso wasayansi ya minyewa John C. Lilly analemba za zimenezi mu 1961. Iye ananena kuti nyama zoyamwitsa zimenezi zili ndi zizindikiro 60. Wofufuzayo akuyembekeza kuti m'zaka 10-20 anthu adzatha kudziwa bwino chinenerochi ndikuyankhulana nawo.

Amakhala ndi magulu ambiri a mawu monga munthu, mwachitsanzo, amalemba mawu kukhala masilabo, mawu, kenako mawu, ndime, ndi zina zotero. Amakhala ndi chinenero chawochawo cha manja akamaima mosiyanasiyana, amapereka zizindikiro ndi mitu yawo, michira, ndi kusambira. m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Kuphatikiza apo Palinso chinenero cholankhulidwa. Zimakhala ndi kugunda kwa mawu ndi ma ultrasound, mwachitsanzo, kukuwa, kulira, kukuwa, kubangula, ndi zina zotere. Ali ndi mitundu 32 ya malikhweru okha.lililonse limatanthauza chinachake.

Pakadali pano, zizindikiro zoyankhulirana za 180 zapezeka. Tsopano akuyesera kupanga dongosolo kuti apange dikishonale. Asayansi otsimikiza kuti dolphin zimatulutsa zosachepera 14 zikwi masauzande zizindikiro, koma sitimva ambiri a iwo, chifukwa. amapangidwa pa akupanga pafupipafupi. Ngakhale kuti ntchito ikuchitika m’njira imeneyi, sizinatheke kumasulira bwinobwino chinenero chawo.

Aliyense ali ndi dzina lake, limene amapatsidwa pobadwa. Iyi ndi mluzu wodziwika bwino, womwe umatenga masekondi 0,9. Kompyutayo ikatha kudziwa mayinawa ndipo adasindikizidwa pamodzi ndi ma dolphin angapo omwe adagwidwa, munthu m'modzi adayankha.

7. "Gray's Paradox"

Amagwirizana ndi ma dolphin. M’zaka za m’ma 1930, James Gray anapeza kuti ma dolphin amayenda mothamanga kwambiri, pafupifupi 37 km/h. Izi zidamudabwitsa, chifukwa. malinga ndi malamulo a hydrodynamics, ndiye kuti ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu ya minofu 8-10 nthawi zambiri. Gray adaganiza kuti nyama zoyamwitsa zimayang'anira kusintha kwa thupi lawo, thupi lawo limakhala ndi kukana kwa 8-10 kuchepera kwa hydrodynamic..

M'dziko lathu, kafukufuku adachitika mpaka 1973, kuyesa koyamba komwe kunatsimikizira zomwe Gray adanena. N'kutheka kuti Gray analakwitsa pa liwiro la kuyenda kwa dolphin, koma akudziwa mmene kuchepetsa kukana kusuntha kwawo, koma osati nthawi 8, monga English ankakhulupirira, koma 2 nthawi.

6. Mimba imatha miyezi 10-18

Ma dolphin amakhala pafupifupi zaka 20-30, koma nthawi yawo yoyembekezera ndi yayitali kuposa ya anthu. Amanyamula ana 10-18 miyezi. Iwo akhoza kubadwa onse ang'onoang'ono, mpaka 50-60 cm, ndi zazikulu. Nyama ya dolphin ikatsala pang’ono kubereka, imayamba kusuntha, ikubira mchira ndi kumbuyo. Ma dolphin ena amamuzungulira ndi mphete yolimba, kuyesera kuthandiza ndi kuteteza.

Mwanayo akangobadwa, amakankhidwira m’mwamba kotero kuti mapapu ake akule ndipo azitha kupuma mpweya. Amawazindikira amayi ake ndi mawu awo, chifukwa amayamba kuyimba muluzu atangobereka kumene, nthawi 10 kuposa nthawi zonse.

M'miyezi ingapo yoyambirira, dolphin wamkulu samasiya mwana wake, ngati ali ndi njala, mwanayo amayamba kulira, monga mwa anthu. Nyama zonse zazing'ono zimagona kwambiri m'miyezi yoyamba itatha kubadwa. Koma osati ma dolphin.

Poyamba, dolphin yaying'ono sadziwa kuti tulo ndi chiyani, amayamba kugona miyezi iwiri yokha atabadwa. Chaka choyamba cha moyo, mwanayo amakhala pafupi ndi amayi ake, samangomudyetsa, komanso amamuphunzitsa, amamulanga ngati samvera. Kenako mayiyo amayamba kumuphunzitsa kupeza chakudya komanso kulankhulana. Ma dolphin amamera m'gulu laakazi, ndipo amuna amakhala mosiyana. Mayi mmodzi akhoza kukhala ndi ana 2-7, kapena 8-2 okha.

5. "Kulimbana" ma dolphin ku USA ndi USSR

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma dolphin kudanenedwa koyamba m'zaka za m'ma 1950, koma lingaliro ili lidakwaniritsidwa m'ma 19s. Asitikali ankhondo aku US adachita mayeso ambiri momwe nyama zosiyanasiyana zidatenga nawo gawo (mitundu yopitilira XNUMX). Ma dolphin ndi mikango ya m’nyanja anasankhidwa. Iwo anaphunzitsidwa kupeza migodi ya pansi pa madzi, kuwononga sitima zapamadzi ndi kamikaze. Koma Asitikali aku US akukana kuti adachitapo izi. Koma, komabe, zoyambira zophunzitsira zilipo, ali ndi gulu lapadera la Marine Mammal Fleet.

USSR inakhazikitsa malo ake ofufuzira pafupi ndi Black Sea mu 1965, ku Sevastopol. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1990, ma dolphin sanaphunzitsidwenso ntchito zankhondo. Koma mu 2012, Ukraine anapitiriza maphunziro, ndipo mu 2014, Crimea kumenyana dolphin anatengedwa utumiki Russian Navy.

4. Pandalama zakale pali zithunzi za dolphin

Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la XNUMX BC e. zithunzi za ma dolphin zingapezeke pa ndalama za ku Greece Yakale, komanso pazitsulo zoumba. M’phanga lina ku South Africa mu 1969, munapezedwa mwala womwe unali ndi zaka pafupifupi 2285. Mwamuna ndi anthu 4 okhala m'madzi okhala ngati ma dolphin anakokedwa kumeneko.

3. Ma dolphin amangokhala ndi 1 mwa 2 hemispheres yaubongo wawo mu tulo ta non-REM.

Nyama ndi anthu sangathe kukhala maso kwa nthawi yaitali, pambuyo pake amakakamizika kugona. Koma Ma dolphin anapangidwa m’njira yakuti theka lokha la ubongo wawo lizitha kugona, pamene lina limakhalabe tcheru panthaŵiyi.. Ngati analibe mbali imeneyi, akhoza kumira kapena kukhala nyama zolusa.

2. Thandizo la dolphin ndi njira ya psychotherapy

Kusambira ndi ma dolphin ndi kothandiza kwa iwo omwe avutika kwambiri m'maganizo. Zimathandiza kuchira. Thandizo la dolphin limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a ubongo, autism ya ana, Down syndrome, kusokonezeka maganizo, kulankhula komanso kumva.. Zimathandizanso kuthana ndi matenda ovutika maganizo, ngati sakhala amkati.

1. Banja la dolphin limaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 40

Banja la dolphin ndi gulu la anamgumi a mano, omwe ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 40.. Pali 11 a iwo m'dziko lathu. Izi zikuphatikizapo ma dolphin a bottlenose, killer whales, whale dolphin ndi ena ambiri.