Zoyenera kuchita ngati galu walumidwa ndi njuchi kapena mavu?

Kuopsa kwa njuchi kapena mavu kuluma agalu

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha kulumidwa ndi tizilombo komwe kumayambitsa agalu kumachokera ku banja la Hymenoptera (hymenoptera): njuchi, mavu, bumblebees ndi mavu.

Pokuluma, njuchi zimasiya mbola m’thupi la nyamayo, komanso thumba la poizoni. Choncho, zingakhale zolondola kunena kuti zimaluma, osati kuluma. Mavu ndi mavu ali ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri, amatha kuluma nawo, zomwe zimapweteka kwambiri galu panthawi yoluma.

Ululu wa tiziromboti uli ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mwachilengedwe: histamine, hyaluronidase, melittin, kinins, phospholipase ndi polyamines.

Chifukwa cha zochita za histamine, thupi lawo siligwirizana, edema, mitsempha ya magazi imakula ndi kutsika kwa magazi, ndipo bronchospasm ikuwonekera.

Kinin ndi hyaluronidase ndi michere yomwe imatsogolera ku zochitika zapoizoni.

Melittin ndi poizoni wowopsa kwambiri. Zimakhudza kwambiri kagayidwe kachakudya, zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi (erythrocytes), komanso kuchepa kwa minofu. Komanso kumawonjezera permeability wa makoma a mitsempha.

Sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti njuchi zikaluma munthu, tizilombo timafa.

Mavu amatha kuluma nthawi zambiri ndipo nthawi imodzi amaluma ndi nsagwada zawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti agalu azipweteka kwambiri pa malo oluma.

Kuluma kwa ma bumblebees ndi ma hornets alibe notche, ndipo izi zimalola kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Kuopsa kwa mavu ndi chakuti amatha kudziluma mabowo mu zipatso zomwe amadya. Mavu amoyo amatha kugwera mkamwa mwa galu pamodzi ndi chipatsocho.

Ngati njuchi (kapena tizilombo tina) taluma galu kumutu, zotsatira zake zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri.

Ngati tizilombo taluma pa chiwalo, galuyo amamva ululu waukulu wa m'deralo, popanda mavuto aakulu.

Chiwopsezo ku moyo wa galu ndikuukira gulu lonse la njuchi kapena mavu nthawi imodzi. Ngati galu walumidwa ndi mavu kapena bumblebee, ndiye kuti izi zimafuna chithandizo chamsanga.

Thandizo loyamba ngati galu walumidwa ndi njuchi kapena mavu

Osachita mantha ndikuwononga nthawi yamtengo wapatali, koma ndibwino kuti muyambe kupereka chithandizo choyamba kwa chiweto chanu!

Ganizirani sitepe ndi sitepe zomwe eni ake ayenera kuchita ngati galu adalumidwa ndi njuchi, mavu, mavu, bumblebee.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita motsatira algorithm iyi:

1. Pezani mbola ndi kuchotsa mbola ngati mbola inali mbola ya njuchi. Izi zidzalepheretsa kuti chiphecho chisalowe m'thupi la galuyo. Ndi bwino kuchita izi ndi tweezers kuti musaphwanye thumba la poizoni. Chidacho chiyenera kukonzedweratu ndi mankhwala okhala ndi mowa. Ngati mulibe zotchingira pafupi, yesani kuchotsa mbolayo ndi singano kapena pini (onetsetsani kuti mwapha tizilombo musanagwiritse ntchito!).

2. Thirani malo olumidwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Kungakhale hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine njira, calendula tincture. Itha kutsukidwa ndi njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena sopo ndi madzi.

3. Kodi ozizira compress. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kwa mphindi 10-15 nsalu yoviikidwa m'madzi ozizira oyera. Ayisi kapena matumba a zakudya zosavuta zozizira kuchokera mufiriji adzachita, ingowakulunga mu thaulo kale. Izi zidzathandiza kuthetsa ululu wa galu ndikuletsa kukula kwa kutupa kwakukulu pamalo a njuchi kapena mavu.

4. Gwiritsani mafuta. Kuchepetsa kuyabwa ndi kuchepetsa kutupa, Fenistil Gel, hydrocortisone mafuta 1%, Advantan angagwiritsidwe ntchito m`dera kuluma.

5. Perekani antihistamine. Ngati pali mankhwala otsatirawa mu kabati ya mankhwala kunyumba - Zirtek, Cetrin, Suprastin, Tavegil - mukhoza kumupatsa galu. Koma ndibwino kuti mufotokozere za kulemera kwa chiweto chanu poyimbira veterinarian wanu. Ndi ziwengo zakomweko, mawonekedwe a piritsi amankhwala ndi okwanira. Nthawi yovomerezeka ndi 1 mpaka 5 masiku.

Zovuta zotheka

Ziweto zina zimavutika ndi utsi wa njuchi (apitoxin), umene umalowa m'thupi mwawo ngati njuchi kapena mavu alumidwa. Zizindikiro ndi khalidwe la galu zimadalira kuchuluka kwa poizoni walowa thupi ndi munthu tilinazo.

Zovuta

Galu akalumidwa ndi njuchi kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zowawa za m'deralo kapena zachilendo zimatha kuchitika.

Zizindikiro za ziwengo:

• Kutupa ndi kuyabwa pamalo oluma.

• Kutuluka malovu kwambiri (kulowa malovu).

• Lachrymation ndi zomveka (serous) zotuluka m'mphuno.

• Kupuma movutikira.

• Ululu wakuthwa.

• Kutentha.

• Kusokonezeka kwa m'mimba thirakiti.

Thandizani nyama: Ngati galu walumidwa ndi njuchi kapena tizilombo tina, ndondomeko yomwe tafotokozayi iyenera kutsatiridwa kunyumba. Ngati palibe kusintha, muyenera kupita ku chipatala chapafupi cha Chowona Zanyama kapena kuitana dokotala kunyumba.

Zizindikiro za generalized allergenic reaction:

• Ziphuphu ( urticaria ) zomwe zimawonekera bwino pamimba ndi pamimba, pomwe tsitsi limachepa.

• Kutsamwitsidwa kumachitika ngati kulumidwa ndi lilime, mkamwa, mmero, ngati tizilombo talowa mkamwa. Kutupa kwakukulu kungayambitse kulephera kupuma

• Anaphylactic shock. Kuthamanga kwa mawonetseredwe kumachokera ku mphindi zingapo mpaka maola 5 kuchokera pamene mukukumana ndi allergen (utsi wa tizilombo). Nkhawa, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, mantha.

Thandizani nyama: Ndi mawonetseredwe a generalized mawonekedwe a ziwengo, thandizo mwamsanga ndi ntchito jekeseni mitundu ya mankhwala. Ndikoyenera kukhala ndi ma ampoules a Diphenhydramine, Dexamethasone (kapena Prednisolone), Adrenaline mu kabati yamankhwala apanyumba pasadakhale.

Veterinarian amagwira ntchito motsatira njira zotsatirazi:

1. Kugwedezeka kwa mphezi: 1 ml ya epinephrine (Epiniphrine) imasakanizidwa ndi 9 ml ya saline (0,9% wosabala sodium chloride solution) ndikuperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha pa mlingo wa 0,1 ml/kg.

2. Dimedrol (Diphenhydramine) 1 mg/kg intramuscularly kapena subcutaneously. Malinga ndi zizindikiro 1-2 pa tsiku.

3. Dexamethasone kapena Prednisolone (short-acting corticosteroids) 0,1-0,2 mg/kg IV kapena IM.

Matendawa akakhazikika, odwala ambiri amapatsidwa chithandizo chachipatala. Kugonekedwa m'chipatala ndi kuyang'anira kumasonyezedwa kwa nyama zomwe zimakhala ndi edema kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za hypotension (kutsika kwa magazi).

Generalized poizoni anachita

Zimachitika pamene chiwopsezo chochuluka chikulandiridwa, nyama ikaluma tizilombo tochuluka nthawi imodzi. Ndi chiwopsezo cha ziwalo zambiri zomwe zimawopseza moyo zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapha.

Zizindikiro:

• Kukhumudwa, kufooka, kutentha thupi, hypotension.

• Paleness kapena hyperemia (kufiira) kwa mucous nembanemba.

• Kusokonezeka kwa kupuma (kusokonezeka kwa kupuma).

• Neurological matenda mu mawonekedwe a ataxia, khunyu, ziwalo za nkhope mitsempha.

• Kutsekula m'mimba ndi magazi.

• Kusokonezeka kwa magazi m'magazi (thrombocytopenia, DIC), petechiae (lozera kukha magazi pakhungu), kutuluka magazi pamalo a catheter yolowera mtsempha.

• Mpweya.

Thandizani nyama: Galu akalumidwa ndi tizilombo tochuluka, kugonekedwa kuchipatala mwachangu kwa wodwalayo ku chipatala cha odwala kwambiri kumafunika, pomwe mpweya wa okosijeni, kulowetsedwa ndi anti-shock therapy ndi kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi ECG zimayikidwa nthawi yomweyo. Kudziwikiratu muzochitika zotere kumakhala kochenjera mpaka kosayenera.

Ndi chiyani chomwe sichingachitike?

1. Yesani kutulutsa mbola ndi zala zanu.

2. Pesa pamene galu analumidwa ndi njuchi. Koma popeza izi ndizovuta kufotokozera chiweto, ndi bwino kugula ndi kuvala kolala yoteteza kwa masiku angapo mpaka kuyabwa kutha.

3. Kudzipangira mankhwala ndi mankhwala azikhalidwe ndikuwononga nthawi yamtengo wapatali.

4. Limbikitsani kudyetsa galu wanu. Zidzakhala zokwanira kupereka mwayi wopeza madzi akumwa.

Chepetsani chiopsezo chokhudzana ndi tizilombo toluma

Ngati simukufuna kuti njuchi ilume galu wanu, yesetsani kupewa kuyenda pafupi ndi malo owetera njuchi. Ngati muwona chisa cha mavu mumtengo, nthawi yomweyo chokani pamalo ano. Osadyetsa zipatso zokoma ndi ndiwo zamasamba kwa chiweto chanu panja, njuchi, mavu ndi tizilombo tina titha kupita ku fungo ndikuluma galu.

Ngati galu adalumidwa ndi njuchi kapena mavu - chinthu chachikulu

1. Dziwani kumene galuyo adalumidwa ndi mavu, njuchi, kapena tizilombo tina ndipo yesani kuchotsa mbola nthawi yomweyo (ngati inali njuchi) popanda kuwononga thumba la poizoni.

2. Ntchito apakhungu antiseptic, ntchito ozizira compress, ndi kupereka antihistamine.

3. Musasiye galu yemwe walumidwa ndi mavu kapena tizilombo tina mosasamala, chifukwa kuwonongeka kungabwere pambuyo pa maola 3-5 kapena kuposerapo.

4. Ndi kutupa kofulumira, zotupa, kupuma movutikira kapena kutentha thupi, kupita ku chipatala chowona zanyama kumafunika.

Mayankho a mafunso omwe amafunsidwa nthawi zambiri

Sources:

1. D. McIntyre, K. Drobac, W. Saxon, S. Haskinga "Emergency and Small Animal Care Care", 2013

2. AA Stekolnikov, SV Starchenkov "Matenda a agalu ndi amphaka. Kuzindikira ndi chithandizo chambiri", 2013