Mfundo 10 Zosangalatsa za Nsomba Zomwe Simungadziwe

Dziko lapansi laphimbidwa ndi madzi ndi 71%. Nsomba ndi eni eni eni eni omwe amakhala m'madzi am'madzi awa, omwe, pazaka mabiliyoni azaka zakusinthika, adazolowerana ndi chilengedwe. Anaphunzira kupeza mpweya m'madzi, kusaka ndi kupeza chakudya, kukhala m'madzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kumenyana ndi kudzibisa.

Pakalipano, asayansi amadziwa mitundu yoposa 35 zikwi za nsomba. Koma izi sizili malire, chifukwa chaka chilichonse mitundu yatsopano ya zamoyo imapezedwa, zodabwitsa ndi zosiyanasiyana. Nthambi yonse ya sayansi yotchedwa ichthyology ndi yodzipereka pakuphunzira za zolengedwa izi. Masiku ano mlingo waperekedwa ku mfundo zosangalatsa kwambiri za nsomba.

10 Zamoyo zatsopano zikutuluka nthawi zonse

Chifukwa cha ichthyologists, chaka chilichonse anthu amapeza pafupifupi mazana asanu okhala m'mitsinje, nyanja, nyanja ndi nyanja.. Ntchito yaikulu imene asayansi amachita chaka chilichonse komanso tsiku lililonse ikubala zipatso. Padziko lonse lapansi, pali malipoti oti anapezeka mitundu ya nsomba zomwe poyamba zinali zosadziwika.

Mwachitsanzo, ku Tasmania kokha, mu 2018, anthu XNUMX atsopano okhala pansi pamadzi adalowetsedwa m'mabuku ofotokozera. Kuwonjezera pa zatsopano, mndandanda wa omwe alipo kale ukuwonjezeka. Choncho, ku Gulf of Mexico kunapezeka mtundu watsopano wa shaki, ndipo ku Japan kunapezeka nsomba zamitundumitundu.

9. Kukula kuchokera 7,9 mm mpaka 20 m

Kuphatikiza pa kusiyanasiyana, nsomba zimatha kudabwa ndi kukula kwake. Aliyense amadziwa kuti zilombo zolusa za m'nyanja - shaki - zingakhale zazikulu bwanji. Munthu wamkulu amafika mamita makumi awiri. Chimphona chimenechi timachidziwa kuti ndi whale shark., amakonda kusambira m’madzi a m’madera otentha ndipo saika ngozi kwa anthu. Zakudya zake zimaphatikizapo plankton yokha ndipo alibe chidwi ndi nyama yamunthu.

Ngakhale kuti ndi yaikulu kwambiri, ndi nsomba yochezeka kwambiri ndipo imalola wosambira wankhanza kukwera pamsana pake.

Nsomba yaing'ono kwambiri, yomwe thupi lake lili ndi kukula kwake kwa 7,9 mm, imakhala ku Indonesia.

8. Zoposa theka la zamoyo za msana zimachokera ku nsomba

Chisinthiko ndi njira yayitali kwambiri, yodabwitsa komanso yovuta. Zamoyo zomwe zidasinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi mikhalidwe yatsopano, zopeza kapena zotayika. Zimadziwika kuti mitundu yoposa theka ya zamoyo za msana imachokera ku nsomba. Ambiri mwina, izi zinachitika mu Paleozoic, yomwe inayamba zaka 541 miliyoni zapitazo. Nthawi imeneyi inatenga zaka pafupifupi 300 miliyoni.

Nsomba zinaphunzira "kuyenda" pansi pa nyanja, pansi pa madzi, ndipo, zitatuluka pamtunda, zimangopitirira njira yayitali yachisinthiko.

7. Mitundu itatu ya kubalana

Kuberekana ndi khalidwe la zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi. Kupanga kosavuta kwa njira yovutayi ndiko kuberekana kwa mtundu wake. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu umakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa kubalana. Koma nsomba zimatidabwitsanso mu izi, pokhala ndi mitundu itatu yosiyana yodzibereka yokha..

Mtundu woyamba, wodziwika kwa ife, ndi kuberekana kwa amuna ndi akazi. Ndi ilo, n’zosavuta kudziŵa amene ali mwamuna ndi mkazi. Maudindowa amagawidwa momveka bwino, kugonana kulikonse kumangogwira ntchito zake zoberekera.

Mtundu wachiwiri ndi hermaphroditism. Pankhaniyi, zinthu zodabwitsa zambiri zimachitika kwa ife ndipo kugonana kwa munthu payekha kumasintha pa moyo. Ikabadwa, mwachitsanzo, ngati yaimuna, nsomba, pofika msinkhu winawake, imamangidwanso ndipo kenako imakhala ndi moyo ndikugwira ntchito ngati yaikazi yodzaza kwathunthu.

Mtundu wachitatu umatchedwa gynogenesis. Iyi ndi njira yomwe spermatozoon imagwira ntchito yokha yoyambira njira yoberekera, ndipo sichofunikira kuti ibereke.

6. Nsomba zina zimatha kusintha kugonana

Pisces safuna opaleshoni kuti asinthe kugonana. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi thupi lapadera momwe kugonana kwawo kumasintha moyo wawo wonse.. Dongosolo loterolo limapambana, mwachitsanzo, mumagulu ndi ma wrasses.

5. Mbalame yotchedwa seahorse ndi nsomba yokhayo yomwe imasambira molunjika

Skate ndi nsomba zazing'ono zam'madzi, zomwe mtundu wake umaphatikizapo mitundu 57. Seahorses adapeza dzina lawo lachilendo chifukwa chofanana ndi chidutswa cha chess. Okonda madzi ofunda amakhala kumadera otentha ndipo amawopa madzi ozizira, omwe angawaphe.

Koma chochititsa chidwi kwambiri n’chakuti sasuntha ngati wina aliyense. Ngati nsomba zonse zimasambira mozungulira, ndiye kuti ma seahorses amasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwake, akusuntha molunjika..

4. Patti ndi eel wazaka zambiri, wazaka 88

Nsomba ina yodabwitsa yomwe imafanana kwambiri ndi njoka imatchedwa European eel. Nsomba yooneka ngati njoka imeneyi imatha ngakhale kuyenda ulendo wautali pamtunda.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, eel ankaonedwa kuti ndi woimira nsomba za viviparous chifukwa cholephera kupeza zokazinga ndi zoberekera. M'modzi mwa oimira zamtunduwu adagwidwa mu 1860 mu Nyanja ya Sargasso ndikuyika mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Sweden. Pafupifupi zaka zomwe anagwidwa zinali zaka zitatu. Chiwonetsero chamoyochi chidapatsidwa dzina lokongola kwambiri - Patty. Chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri mu mbiri yake ndi kuti anamwalira mu 1948, kukhala Nsomba zokhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala zaka 88.

3. Boti limayenda mothamanga mpaka 100 km/h

Nsomba yokhala ndi dzina lokongola ngati ngalawa imakhala m'madzi otentha komanso ofunda anyanja zonse zomwe zilipo padziko lapansi. Dzinali lili ndi dzina chifukwa cha zipsepse zakumbuyo, zofanana kwambiri ndi matanga a ngalawa. Zipsepsezo zimatha kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa nsomba yomwe.

Boti la ngalawa limatalika mamita atatu ndipo limalemera mpaka ma kilogalamu zana. Nsombayi imakhala ndi mbiri yothamanga kwambiri, imapeza makilomita zana pa ola limodzi. Kuwongolera thupi, limodzi ndi chipsepse chobweza komanso kusuntha kwamphamvu kwa mchira, kumathandizira kukwaniritsa zofunikira zotere.

2. Piranha ndi nsomba yoopsa kwambiri

Nsomba yomwe imawopseza anthu ambiri ndipo yakhala ngwazi yamakanema owopsa komanso osangalatsa. Piranha amaonedwa kuti ndi nsomba yoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi.. Dzinali limachokera ku chilankhulo cha ku India ndipo limamasuliridwa kuti macheka. Zilombozi zili ndi mitundu yopitilira 50, koma zonse zimangokhala m'madzi aku South America.

Kutsanzira ndendende shaki, ma piranha amatha kumva magazi m'madzi. ngakhale kungokhala dontho patali kwambiri ndi iwo. Zibwano zamphamvu za zilombozi zimatha kung'amba zidutswa za nyama, ndipo gulu la nsomba zoterezi zimang'amba ng'ombe m'mphindi zochepa. Koma zokha, nsombazi ndi zamanyazi kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukomoka chifukwa cha phokoso lalikulu komanso ladzidzidzi.

1. Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za Chikhristu

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za Chikhristu chinali nsomba zodziwika bwino.. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku chinenero cha Chigriki chakale, nsomba zimamveka ngati "ichthys", chomwe chiri chidule. "Ichthys" amatanthauzidwa ngati mawu, kumasulira kwake kumatanthauza "Yesu Khristu Mwana Mpulumutsi".

Kuwonekera kwa uthenga wodabwitsa woterowo kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi chizunzo cha Akristu oyambirira ndi Aroma. Malamulo a nthawiyo ankaletsa kupititsa patsogolo Chikhristu, kuchita zinthu poyera kwa chipembedzochi, kupanga ndi kuvala zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti ndi za chikhulupiriro.

Chifaniziro cha nsomba chinali chizindikiro chachinsinsi chosonyeza chipembedzo cha munthu. Chizindikirocho chinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zovala, thupi ndi nyumba, ndipo chinawonetsedwanso m'mapanga momwe mautumiki achinsinsi anachitika.

Nsomba nthawi zambiri zimawonekera m'malemba komanso m'mafanizo ambiri. Nkhani yotchuka kwambiri yokhudzana ndi nsomba imanena momwe anthu ambiri anjala adadyera nsomba imodzi. M’nthaŵi imeneyo, Akristu anayerekezeredwanso ndi nsomba, zimene zinatsatira mtsinje wa chikhulupiriro m’madzi a moyo wosatha.