Mitundu ya Mahatchi
Padziko lonse pali mitundu yoposa 1,000 ya akavalo. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi mbiri yake yochokera, mawonekedwe akunja ndi cholinga. Oimira abwino kwambiri amitunduyo sanangogwira ntchito yawo, komanso adapambana mendulo za Olimpiki.
Ndi mitundu yanji ya mahatchi omwe amagawidwa kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo? Pali mitundu inayi ikuluikulu pakati pa mitundu ya akavalo. Awa ndi akavalo, oyenda pang'ono, okwera kwambiri komanso onyamula katundu. Mitundu ina imatha kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo, monga akavalo ndi paketi.
Shire (Chingerezi heavy truck) - mtundu wa akavalo olemera, amtundu wamtundu wolemetsa. Anabadwira ku England pakati pa zaka za m'ma 18, ndipo buku loyamba la studbook linasindikizidwa mu 1878. Mahatchi amtunduwu anatengedwa kupita ku USA, Australia ndi Canada.
Mndandanda wa Mitundu Yamahatchi
shire
Kodi mtundu wa akavalo wa Shire ndi wotani? Izi ndi nyama zamphamvu komanso zolimba zomwe zimatha kukoka katundu wambiri. malinga ndi muyezo wa
, kutalika kwa kalulu wamkulu wa Shire kuli pakati pa 173 ndi 178 cm. Hatchiyo ili ndi minyewa yokhuthala ndipo imanyamula maburashi pamiyendo yake. Amafunika kusamba 2-3 pa sabata. Ali ndi umunthu wodekha.
Anagwiritsidwa ntchito ku England kunyamula katundu wambiri, kukoka mabwato m'ngalande ndi ntchito zaulimi.
Anayankha
Hatchi ya Trakehner ndi mtundu wa akavalo aku Germany okwera komanso okonzekera masewera. Uwu ndi mtundu wokhawo pakati pa mitundu iwiri yokha yomwe imawetedwa mwachiyero popanda magazi akunja. Mtunduwu unayamba kubadwa m'zaka za zana la 18 ku East Prussia m'mudzi wa Trakenen. Anaberekedwa kwa magulu okwera pamahatchi a Prussia.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kavalo wa Trakehner? Kavalo wakale wankhondo woyenera kuchita zamasewera. Kutalika kwa stallion pakufota kumafika masentimita 162-165, thupi limakhala louma bwino komanso mizere yokhazikika. Kavalo amawetedwa ku Germany, Europe, USA ndi New Zealand. Akhoza kudziwika ndi chizindikirocho ngati nyanga yamphongo iwiri pa ntchafu yake yakumanzere. Amafunika kudzikongoletsa nthawi zonse ndi kutsuka.
Pakadali pano, trakenens ndi akavalo amasewera okha. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo chodekha, iwo ali oyenerera kuwonetseratu kulumpha ndi kuvala. Pepel ndi Abdullah adakhala akatswiri a Olimpiki.
Budennovskaya
Hatchi ya Budennovskaya ndi mtundu wokwera wa akavalo. Idabadwa mu 1948 m'mafamu a stud. Budyonny ndi iwo. First Cavalry Army motsogoleredwa ndi mkulu wa Soviet ndi woweta akavalo Mikhail Chumakov.
Kodi kavalo wa Budyonnovsky ndi chiyani? Hatchiyo ili ndi mutu wouma, chifuwa chachikulu ndi minofu yotukuka bwino. Kutalika kwake kumafika 165 cm, kutalika kwa thupi - 163-165 cm. Zinyama zimathamanga komanso zolimba. β
β amatha kukwera makilomita 7 mβmphindi 8.5, ndipo zimatenga maola ochepera 70 kuti ayende mtunda wa makilomita 600.
Mbali ina ya ng'ombe ndiyo kukula kwa ng'ombe. Choyamba, akalulu onse opulupudza amachotsedwa pagulu. Pambuyo pake, ng'ombe zosiyana zimapangidwa kuchokera kwa ana, ndipo zitsanzo zamtengo wapatali zimatumizidwa kumagulu achipembedzo, kumene amaphunzitsidwa kuthamangira kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito yoweta.
Ruby
Hatchi ya Yakut ndi kavalo wamba. yofalitsidwa ku Yakutia. Mtunduwu unabzalidwa ndi kusankha kwa anthu, osati ndi m'modzi kapena gulu la obereketsa. A Yakut anasankha akavalo okhawo omwe samva kuzizira kwambiri kuti awoloke.
Kodi mtundu wa kavalo wa Yakut ndi wotani? Mtunduwu sulimbana ndi chisanu kwambiri ndipo umakula mpaka 15 cm. Hatchi ya Yakut imakhala panja chaka chonse ndipo imatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -60 Β°C. M'nyengo yozizira, imadya tebenevka (ikumadyetsera msipu wokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa), ikugwetsa chipale chofewa ndi ziboda zake. Mahatchi amakhala m'magulu.
Kutalika kwa tsinde kumafika 143 cm, kulemera - mpaka 500 kg. Ili ndi thupi lolimba, miyendo yaifupi komanso mutu waukulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwera, koumiss amakonzedwa kuchokera ku mkaka wa mares.
donskaya
Don (Cossack steppe) hatchi ndi mtundu waku Russia wa akavalo okwera ndi okwera. Idabadwa mu 1770 ndi Ataman. Mtunduwu umachokera pa akavalo a steppe, komanso mitundu yakum'mawa, yomwe a Cossacks adagwira pamisonkhano yaku Turkey.
Kodi mtundu wa Don horse ndi wotani? Izi ndi kuphatikiza kutalika (mpaka 165 cm) ndi kukongola mu mawonekedwe. Suti yake nthawi zambiri imakhala yagolide. Imakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a akavalo okwera pamahatchi omwe amasungidwa m'magulu.
Masiku ano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera, kubwereka, kuyendetsa galimoto, zokopa alendo, m'mafamu othandizira. Amafalitsidwa ku Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia.
Mongolian
Hatchi yaku Mongolia (aduu) ndi mtundu wakale wa akavalo, mawonekedwe awo sanasinthe kuyambira nthawi ya Genghis Khan. Malingana ndi, kavalo wamtunduwu ali ndi tanthauzo lapadera mu chikhalidwe cha ku Mongolia.
Kodi mtundu wa akavalo waku Mongolia ndi wotani? Nyamayo ndi yodzichepetsa posamalira ndipo imakhala mumsewu chaka chonse. Kavaloyo amalekerera kutentha kuchokera +30 Β° C mpaka -40 Β° C. Kutalika kwawo kumafika 125-135 cm. Chunky, ndi mutu waukulu ndi miyendo yaifupi.
Hatchi ya ku Mongolia imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kavalo. Mahatchi a mtundu uwu amadziwika kuti maziko a asilikali a Genghis Khan. Ku Mongolia yamakono, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mpikisano wamahatchi, ndipo chakumwa chadziko lonse, airag, chimapangidwa kuchokera ku mkaka wa mare.
Moyipa
kavalo anaberekedwa ku England kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 17-18. Poyamba inali ndi dzina lachingerezi racing, koma idasinthidwa chifukwa idayamba kuswana padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale ndi dzina, ndi mtundu watheka ndipo adawetedwa podutsa ndi mitundu yoyera.
Kodi mtundu wamtundu wa thoroughbred umakhala wotani? Mahatchiwa ndi othamanga kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothamanga. Gallop pa liwiro la 60 Km / h ndi chizolowezi kwa mtundu. Mbiri yothamanga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ya kavalo wotchedwa Winning Bru yalembedwa m'marekodi. Anathamanga mpaka 70.76 Km / h.
Kutalika kwa nyama pakufota kumafika masentimita 155-170. Miyendo ndi youma, yoyera, yokhala ndi minyewa yodziwika bwino komanso minofu yodziwika bwino. Zinyamazi zimakhala ndi khalidwe lophulika kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri. Amafunikira mipikisano yatsiku ndi tsiku kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Mahatchi amafunika kusamalidwa koyenera komanso kokwera mtengo.
Friesian
Kavalo wa Friesian ndi mtundu wa Dutch, "golide wakuda wa Holland". Wobadwira ku Friesland, wotchulidwa koyamba m'zaka za zana la 13, tsopano akuweta ku Ulaya ndi America. Mahatchi ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 150 mpaka 162, ali ndi maonekedwe okongola. Chinthu chosaiwalika ndi maburashi aatali atali pamiyendo, otchedwa friezes. Zoyenera kusungidwa m'khola, zosankhira pazakudya.
Kodi kavalo wa Friesian ndi chiyani? Mpaka pano, friezes ndi akavalo okongoletsera. Amakhala amphamvu, koma okhazikika komanso odekha. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto okondwerera kapena azikondwerero, kuwombera zithunzi, kujambula mufilimu.
Bashkir
Hatchi ya Bashkir ndi kavalo wobadwa ku Southern Urals. Amadziwika kuyambira zaka za 17-18. Malo otchuka kwambiri ku Bashkortostan. Mtundu wa Bashkir unayambira mwachibadwa. Izi ndi nyama zazing'ono (mpaka 145 cm pakufota). Zovala zazikulu: savrasaya, mbewa ndi buckskin.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kavalo wa Bashkir? Poyamba ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu apakavalo. Masiku ano, mtunduwu wasanduka ngati waulimi osati wokwera kukwera. Barshkirs amagwiritsa ntchito nyama pogwira ntchito m'mafamu, kupanga nyama ndi mkaka.
Mtunduwu ukhoza kukhala panja pa kutentha kuchokera pa +30 Β°C mpaka -40 Β°C ndipo umapirira mvula yamkuntho yoopsa. Chovala chochindikala ndi chachitali cha akavalo olimbawa sichifunikira kutsukidwa mosalekeza. Kavaloyo ndi wolimba, ali ndi khalidwe la phlegmatic. Bashkir Troikas anali odziwika bwino, omwe amatha kubisala mpaka 140 km mu maola 8 popanda kupuma.
Kabardian
Kabardian, kapena kavalo wamapiri, ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri yachiaborijini yomwe imakokedwa kum'maΕ΅a yomwe idalimidwa ndi a Circassians (Circassians). Ankatchedwa Circassian, kuti asasokonezedwe ndi mtundu wa Chiyukireniya wa dzina lomwelo. Amagawidwa ku Bashkiria, Tatarstan ndi dera la Chelyabinsk.
Kodi mtundu wa akavalo wa Kabardian ndi wotani? Amasunga bwino bwino, chifukwa chake amayenda molimba mtima m'mapiri m'njira zopapatiza, amagonjetsa mapiri otsetsereka ndi kukwera. Ngakhale ndi katundu wa 150 kg, Kabardian amatha kubisala mpaka 100 km m'mapiri okwera tsiku limodzi. Zosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina yokhala ndi miyendo yolimba komanso mawonekedwe apadera a ziboda - "chikho".
Hatchi ya Kabardian imamera pakufota mpaka 152-157 cm. Masiku ano, mahatchi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alonda a m'malire, alendo okwera pamahatchi okwera pamahatchi, kukwera. Zoyenera kuweta ziweto.
Iceland
Hatchi ya ku Iceland ndi kavalo wamfupi, womwe kutalika kwake kumafota kufika masentimita 132. Ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuchokera kufiira mpaka ku bay. Anthu a ku Iceland ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 100 yamitundu yanyama. Mtunduwu unabweretsedwa ndi a Vikings kupita ku Iceland m'zaka za m'ma 9 mpaka 10, chifukwa umakwanira mosavuta m'zombo zawo.
Kodi kavalo wachi Icelandic ndi chiyani? Awa ndi akavalo ochenjera kwambiri. Ali ndi thupi labwino kwambiri, chifukwa chake amagonjetsa mosavuta zopinga zilizonse. M'mbiri yawo, nyama sizinakumanepo ndi zilombo, choncho zimadalira munthu mosavuta, zimakhala ndi khalidwe lodekha komanso laubwenzi. Zoyenera kudyetsa ziweto.
Adaevskaya
Hatchi ya Adai (Adaevskaya) ndi mtundu wamtundu waku Kazakh, womwe ndi wabwino pansi pa chishalo ndi zomangira.
amaonedwa kuti ndi kumene kavalo anabadwira . Dera lalikulu loswana lili pakati pa Nyanja ya Caspian ndi Aral. Dzina la mtunduwo linaperekedwa ndi mtundu wa Adai, wokhala m'dera la Mangystau.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kavalo wa Adai? Hatchiyo ndi yaying'ono - kutalika kwa kufota kumafika 136-140 cm, kumakhala ndi thupi louma komanso minofu yotukuka bwino. Wodzichepetsa wokhutira, ndinazolowera moyo ng'ombe. Ikhoza kukhala popanda madzi kwa masiku angapo. Wolimba kwambiri, wokhoza kuthamanga mosalekeza mpaka 360 km.
Pakalipano, mahatchi omwe ali ndidekha komanso abwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera okwera pamahatchi. Amakonda kwambiri anthu, choncho ndi abwino kwambiri pophunzitsa ana kukwera.
Mahatchi atumikira anthu kwa zaka masauzande ambiri. Anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo, kunyamula mafumu mβmagaleta, ndiponso anali othandiza paulimi. Masiku ano, nyama zazikulu zimatha kusiyidwa pamasewera, kukwera ngolo kapena pahatchi.
Mitundu ya Mahatchi - Kanema
